{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:38:12Z","timestamp":1760146692109,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Jouf University","award":["DGSSR-2024-02-01153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGSSR-2024-02-01153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study computationally examined the Richtmyer\u2013Meshkov instability (RMI) evolution in a helium backward-triangular bubble immersed in monatomic argon, diatomic nitrogen, and polyatomic methane under planar shock wave interactions. Using high-fidelity numerical simulations based on the compressible Navier\u2013Fourier equations based on the Boltzmann\u2013Curtiss kinetic framework and simulated via a modal discontinuous Galerkin scheme, we analyze the complex interplay of shock-bubble dynamics. Key findings reveal distinct thermal non-equilibrium effects, vorticity generation, enstrophy evolution, kinetic energy dissipation, and interface deformation across gases. Methane, with its molecular complexity and higher viscosity, exhibits the highest levels of vorticity production, enstrophy, and kinetic energy, leading to pronounced Kelvin\u2013Helmholtz instabilities and enhanced mixing. Conversely, argon, due to its simpler atomic structure, shows weaker deformation and mixing. Thermal non-equilibrium effects, quantified by the Rayleigh\u2013Onsager dissipation function, are most significant in methane, indicating delayed energy relaxation and intense turbulence. This study highlights the pivotal role of molecular properties, specific heat ratio, and bulk viscosity in shaping RMI dynamics in polyatomic gases, offering insights on uses such as high-speed aerodynamics, inertial confinement fusion, and supersonic mixing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms13120843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T10:07:10Z","timestamp":1733306830000},"page":"843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computational Study on Flow Characteristics of Shocked Light Backward-Triangular Bubbles in Polyatomic Gas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-8627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman Saud","family":"Alsaeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6669-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyvir","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied and Computational Mathematics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/cpa.3160130207","article-title":"Taylor instability in shock acceleration of compressible fluids","volume":"13","author":"Richtmyer","year":"1960","journal-title":"Commun. Pure. Appl. 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