{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T07:20:02Z","timestamp":1769152802866,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["20240111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240111"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["20241480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20241480"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["202040485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202040485"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["20241305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20241305"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["20241354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20241354"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the fractal continuum Maxwell law for the creep phenomenon is introduced. By mapping standard integer space-time into fractal continuum space-time using the well-known Balankin\u2019s approach to variable-order fractal calculus, the fractal version of Maxwell model is developed. This methodology employs local fractional differential operators on discontinuous properties of fractal sets embedded in the integer space-time so that they behave as analytic envelopes of non-analytic functions in the fractal continuum space-time. Then, creep strain \u03b5(t), creep modulus J(t), and relaxation compliance G(t) in materials with fractal linear viscoelasticity can be described by their generalized forms, \u03b5\u03b2(t),J\u03b2(t)\u00a0and\u00a0G\u03b2(t), where \u03b2=dimS\/dimH represents the time fractal dimension, and it implies the variable-order of fractality of the self-similar domain under study, which are dimS and dimH for their spectral and Hausdorff dimensions, respectively. The creep behavior depends on beta, which is characterized by its geometry and fractal topology: as beta approaches one, the fractal creep behavior approaches its standard behavior. To illustrate some physical implications of the suggested fractal Maxwell creep model, graphs that showcase the specific details and outcomes of our results are included in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms14010033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T07:44:53Z","timestamp":1735803893000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fractal Continuum Maxwell Creep Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-699X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andriy","family":"Kryvko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SEPI-ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia del C.","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEPI-ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alfredo","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEPI-ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3347-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Susarrey-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEPI-ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Reyes de Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Carlos Lazo 100, Santa Fe, La Loma, Mexico City 01389, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0115-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier","family":"Samayoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEPI-ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finmec.2023.100235","article-title":"Time-dependent creep analysis of ultra-high-temperature functionally graded rotating disks of variable thickness","volume":"13","author":"Daghigh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Forces Mech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finmec.2024.100271","article-title":"Creep analysis of a cylinder subjected to 2D thermoelasticity loads and boundary conditions with inner heat generation source","volume":"15","author":"Seddighi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forces Mech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finmec.2022.100117","article-title":"An improved dislocation density reliant model to address the creep deformation of reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forces Mech."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finmec.2022.100141","article-title":"Predicting creep failure by machine learning\u2014Which features matter?","volume":"9","author":"Hiemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forces Mech."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Findley, W., Lai, J., and Onaran, K. 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