{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:54:55Z","timestamp":1760057695905,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tumor immune system is modified through immunotherapy to more effectively eliminate cancer cells. This has led to the adoption of several mathematical models of cancer diffusion to explore the tumor\u2013immune interaction, and as a result, the distinctive interaction between cancer and immune populations has received increased attention. The objective of this work is to analyze Fisher information to examine variability and sustainability in a modified predator\u2013prey model. Specifically, we investigate how parameter values influence the system\u2019s dynamics. Unlike traditional deterministic models, our approach incorporates the effects of immunotherapy dosage, introducing a novel perspective. We further explore the system\u2019s response to various modulations, providing deeper insights into its behavior under different conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms14020144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T05:34:26Z","timestamp":1739943266000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fisher Information Approach in Modified Predator\u2013Prey Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9970-0300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avan","family":"Al-Saffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Informatics, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq"},{"name":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5607-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"},{"name":"Fluid and Complex Systems Research Centre, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physd.2005.06.032","article-title":"A general framework for modeling tumor-immune system competition and immunotherapy: Mathematical analysis and biomedical inferences","volume":"208","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. 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