{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:40:45Z","timestamp":1772829645825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Active informatization of various spheres of human activity requires increasingly widespread use of information systems. Along with the growing need for their application, the demands on the systems themselves are also rising. Some of these demands can be addressed through technical improvements; however, there are aspects for which this alone may not suffice. One such requirement is functional stability. While it is technically possible to ensure functional stability, a number of indicators and criteria have been developed for assessing it. However, applying these indicators in real-world conditions requires significant computational resources. Therefore, there is a need to develop more optimized methods to evaluate whether a system is functionally stable or to improve existing ones. Recently, interest in machine learning methods as a means of optimizing various computations has grown significantly. Accordingly, the question arises as to whether machine learning can be applied to assess the functional stability of information systems. In this study, we investigate the application of some popular classification methods\u2014SVM, FFNNs, k-NN and their ensembles\u2014to determine compliance with one of the requirements for the structure of information systems, which helps evaluate whether the system is functionally stable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms14040237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T11:06:48Z","timestamp":1742555208000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Application of SVM, FFNNs, k-NN and Their Ensembles for Identifying Functionally Reliable Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Oleg","family":"Barabash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering for Power Industry, Institute of Nuclear and Thermal Energy, National Technical University of Ukraine \u201cIgor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute\u201d, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Andriy","family":"Makarchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering for Power Industry, Institute of Nuclear and Thermal Energy, National Technical University of Ukraine \u201cIgor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute\u201d, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlo","family":"Open\u2019ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aviation and Air Defense, The National Defence University of Ukraine, 03049 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2123-6103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhii","family":"Korotin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aviation and Air Defense, The National Defence University of Ukraine, 03049 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-65002005000100005","article-title":"A generalized model for distributed comparison-based system-level diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Albini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Braz. Comput."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Barabash, O.V. (2004). Construction of Functionally Stable Distributed Information Systems (Ukraine), NAOU."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2004.1261832","article-title":"Distributed Bayesian algorithms for fault-tolerant event region detection in wireless sensor networks","volume":"53","author":"Krishnamachari","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26474-1_6","article-title":"Unconventional Approach to Unit Self-diagnosis","volume":"1020","author":"Mashkov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"7","article-title":"Signs and criteria of functional stability of the integrated complex of on-board equipment of a modern aircraft and prospective directions of its development","volume":"68","author":"Kalashnyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kharkiv Natl. Univ. Air Force"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"146","article-title":"Computing the Risk of Failures for High-Temperature Pressurized Pipelines","volume":"3101","author":"Mashkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"CEUR Workshop Proc."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"12","article-title":"Definition of the problems of the theory of functional stability in relation to application in computer systems","volume":"1","author":"Kravchenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Telecommun. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kravchenko, Y., and Vialkova, V. (2016, January 23\u201326). The problem of providing functional stability properties of information security systems. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), Lviv, Ukraine.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSET.2016.7452105"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2019.2905713","article-title":"A Functional Resonance Analysis Method Driven Resilience Quantification for Socio-Technical Systems","volume":"14","author":"Bellini","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"252","article-title":"Method of Ensuring the Functional Stability of the Information System Based on Detection of Intrusions and Reconfiguration of Virtual Networks","volume":"3654","author":"Zamrii","year":"2024","journal-title":"CEUR Workshop Proc."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"57","article-title":"Comparative analysis of methods for determining the functional stability of information systems using the example of a complete search and the Litvak-Ushakov method","volume":"4","author":"Barabash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Meas. Comput. Equip. Technol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cen, J., Chen, X., Xu, M., and Zou, Q. (2023). Deep finite volume method for high-dimensional partial differential equations. arXiv, preprint.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4735856"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Helwig, J., Lin, Y., Xie, Y., Fu, C., Wojtowytsch, S., and Ji, S. (2025). SineNet: Learning temporal dynamics in time-dependent partial differential equations. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dulny, A., Heinisch, P., Hotho, A., and Krause, A. (2024). GrINd: Grid Interpolation Network for Scattered Observations. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70368-3_11"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5815\/ijigsp.2022.01.04","article-title":"Digital Method of Automated Non-destructive Diagnostics for High-power Magnetron Resonator Blocks","volume":"14","author":"Olszewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Image Graph. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukhin, V., Komaga, Y., Zavgorodnii, V., Zavgorodnya, A., Herasymenko, O., and Mukhin, O. (2019, January 18\u201320). Social Risk Assessment Mechanism Based on the Neural Networks. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Trends in Information Theory (ATIT), Kyiv, Ukraine.","DOI":"10.1109\/ATIT49449.2019.9030519"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394284344.ch5","article-title":"Mathematical Models and Control of Functionally Stable Technological Process","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Pichkur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computational Methods and Mathematical Modeling in Cyberphysics and Engineering Applications"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ascom.2023.100765","article-title":"Effective detection of variable celestial objects using machine learning-based periodic analysis","volume":"45","author":"Chihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Astron. Comput."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hori, K., Sasaki, Y., Amagata, D., Murosaki, Y., and Onizuka, M. (2023, January 18). Learned Spatial Data Partitioning. Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Exploiting Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Data Management, Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3593078.3593932"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koval, O., Barabash, O., Makarchuk, A., Havrylko, Y., Musienko, A., and Salanda, I. (2023, January 24\u201327). Comparison of Two Methods of Signal Smoothing in the Development of Navigation Systems. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 7th International Conference on Methods and Systems of Navigation and Motion Control (MSNMC), Kyiv, Ukraine.","DOI":"10.1109\/MSNMC61017.2023.10329087"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makarchuk, A., Kal\u2019chuk, I., Kharkevych, Y., Kharkevych, Y., and Kharkevych, G. (2022, January 15\u201317). Application of Trigonometric Interpolation Polynomials to Signal Processing. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Advanced Trends in Information Theory (ATIT), Lviv, Ukraine.","DOI":"10.1109\/ATIT58178.2022.10024182"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mashkov, V., Fiser, J., Lytvynenko, V., and Voronenko, M. (2019). Diagnosis of intermittently faulty units at system level. Data, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/data4010044"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.17721\/1812-5409.2024\/1.21","article-title":"Functional Stability of Production Processes as Control Problem of Discrete Systems with Change of State Vector Dimension","volume":"1","author":"Pichkur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bull. Taras Shevchenko Natl. Univ. Kyiv. Phys. Math."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"15","article-title":"Development of a Modification of the Method for Constructing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks Using Static and Dynamic Sensors","volume":"1","author":"Petrivskyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"East. Eur. J. Enterp. Technol."}],"container-title":["Axioms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1680\/14\/4\/237\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:58:05Z","timestamp":1760029085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1680\/14\/4\/237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["axioms14040237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/axioms14040237","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]}}}