{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T04:09:56Z","timestamp":1773720596042,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12361097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12361097"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12361098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12361098"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024SSY04181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SSY04181"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20224ACB201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224ACB201003"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20232BAB201024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BAB201024"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants","award":["12361097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12361097"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants","award":["12361098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12361098"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants","award":["2024SSY04181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SSY04181"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants","award":["20224ACB201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224ACB201003"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants","award":["20232BAB201024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BAB201024"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["12361097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12361097"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["12361098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12361098"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["2024SSY04181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SSY04181"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["20224ACB201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224ACB201003"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","award":["20232BAB201024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BAB201024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huanglongbing (HLB), a globally devastating citrus disease, demands sophisticated mathematical modeling to decipher its complex transmission dynamics and inform optimized disease management protocols. This investigation develops an innovative compartmental framework that simultaneously incorporates two critical factors in HLB epidemiology: saturated removal rates of infected citrus trees and behavioral bias in vector movement patterns. Our study delves into the dynamics of non-spatial systems by analyzing the basic reproduction numbers, equilibria, bifurcation phenomena, and the stability of these equilibria. Additionally, we explore the impact of spatial factors on system stability. Results indicate that when the basic reproduction number R0&lt;1, the system may exhibit bistable behavior, while R0&gt;1 leads to a unique stable equilibrium. Notably, vector bias significantly enhances the likelihood of forward bifurcation, and the delay in the removal of diseased trees increases the risk of backward bifurcation. However, reaction\u2013diffusion processes do not alter the stability of the system\u2019s equilibria, and the spatial system lacks complex dynamic properties. This research offers valuable insights into the mechanisms driving HLB transmission and provides a foundation for developing effective control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms14060434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T10:21:49Z","timestamp":1748859709000},"page":"434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamics of HLB Transmission: Integrating Saturated Removal and Vector Bias in Spatial\/Non-Spatial Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yirong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Huanglongbing: A destructive, newly-emerging, century-old disease of citrus","volume":"88","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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