{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:23:46Z","timestamp":1760059426214,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","award":["IMSIU-DDRSP2503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSIU-DDRSP2503"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates for the parameters, reliability function, and hazard function of the Gumbel Type-II distribution using a unified hybrid censored sample. Bayesian estimates are derived under three loss functions: squared error, LINEX, and generalized entropy. The parameters are assumed to follow independent gamma prior distributions. Since closed-form solutions are not available, the MCMC approximation method is used to obtain the Bayesian estimates. The highest posterior density credible intervals for the model parameters are computed using importance sampling. Additionally, approximate confidence intervals are constructed based on the normal approximation to the maximum likelihood estimates. To derive asymptotic confidence intervals for the reliability and hazard functions, their variances are estimated using the delta method. A numerical study compares the proposed estimators in terms of their average values and mean squared error using Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, a real dataset is analyzed to illustrate the proposed estimation methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms14060460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T11:47:07Z","timestamp":1749728827000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Estimation of Parameters and Reliability Based on Unified Hybrid Censoring Schemes with an Application to COVID-19 Mortality Datasets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa M.","family":"Hasaballah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Marg Higher Institute of Engineering and Modern Technology, Cairo 11721, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5758-1035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Abdelwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Khamis A.","family":"Al-Karawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acoustic, School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, Salford University, Salford M5 4NT, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177728723","article-title":"Truncated life tests in the exponential case","volume":"25","author":"Epstein","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ann. 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