{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T01:53:48Z","timestamp":1778723628008,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work is axiomatic and structural in nature and is not intended as a phenomenological physical theory, but as a framework clarifying minimal informational primitives from which geometric and dynamical descriptions may emerge. We present a background-independent framework in which physical geometry, interaction-like forces, and spacetime arise as effective descriptions of constrained relational information rather than as fundamental entities. The only primitive structure is a network of degrees of freedom linked by admissible informational relations, each subject to quantifiable constraints on accessibility or flow. The motivation is to identify whether a single minimal relational primitive can account jointly for the emergence of geometry, forces, and spacetime, without presupposing a manifold, fields, or fundamental interactions. The framework is formalized using weighted relational graphs in which constraint weights encode limitations on information flow between degrees of freedom. Effective geometry is defined operationally through minimal constraint cost along relational paths, yielding an emergent metric without assuming spatial embedding. Relational evolution is modeled via a minimal configuration-space dynamics defined by local rewrite moves, and a statistical description is introduced through an informational action that governs coarse-grained response rather than serving as a fundamental dynamical law. Curvature-like observables are defined using transport-based comparisons of local accessibility structure. Within this setting, metric structure emerges from constrained relational accessibility, while curvature-like behavior arises from heterogeneity in constraint structure. Effective forces appear as entropic or informational action gradients with respect to coarse-grained control parameters that modulate relational constraints, and are interpreted as emergent responses rather than primitive interactions. A finite worked example explicitly demonstrates the emergence of nontrivial distance, curvature proxies, and an effective force via geodesic switching under constraint variation, without assuming fundamental spacetime, fields, or particles. The results support an interpretation in which geometry, forces, and spacetime are representational features of constrained information flow rather than fundamental elements of physical law. The framework clarifies conceptual distinctions and points of compatibility with existing approaches to emergent spacetime, and it outlines qualitative expectations for regimes in which smooth geometric descriptions are expected to break down. The work delineates the scope and limits of geometric description without proposing a complete phenomenological theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms15020154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:50:03Z","timestamp":1771577403000},"page":"154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Axiomatic Relational\u2013Informational Framework for Emergent Geometry and Effective Spacetime"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2791-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u0103lin Gheorghe","family":"Buzea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics\u2014IFT Ia\u0219i, 700050 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Emergency Hospital \u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Ia\u0219i, 700309 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3863-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Nedeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Agritourism, Faculty of Engineing, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bac\u0103u, 600115 Bac\u0103u, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0922-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Miril\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Agritourism, Faculty of Engineing, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bac\u0103u, 600115 Bac\u0103u, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Nedeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Agritourism, Faculty of Engineing, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bac\u0103u, 600115 Bac\u0103u, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Materials Engineering, \u201cGh. Asachi\u201d Technical University Ia\u0219i, 700050 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maricel","family":"Agop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Agritourism, Faculty of Engineing, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bac\u0103u, 600115 Bac\u0103u, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7139-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Decebal","family":"Vasincu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ia\u0219i, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026654312961","article-title":"The Large-N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity","volume":"38","author":"Maldacena","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181602","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.181602","article-title":"Holographic Derivation of Entanglement Entropy from AdS\/CFT","volume":"96","author":"Ryu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10714-010-1034-0","article-title":"Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement","volume":"42","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Relativ. 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