{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:21:02Z","timestamp":1760242862160,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stanis\u0142aw Le\u015bniewski\u2019s mereology was originally conceived as a theory of foundations of mathematics and it is also for this reason that it has philosophical connotations. The \u2018philosophical significance\u2019 of mereology was upheld by Boles\u0142aw Soboci\u0144ski who expressed the view in his correspondence with J.M. Boche\u0144ski. As he wrote to Boche\u0144ski in 1948: \u201c[...] it is interesting that, being such a simple deductive theory, mereology may prove a number of very general theses reminiscent of metaphysical ontology\u201d. The theses which Soboci\u0144ski had in mind were related to the mereological notion of \u201cthe Universe\u201d. Soboci\u0144ski listed them in the letter adding his philosophical commentary but he did not give proofs for them and did not specify precisely the theory lying behind them. This is what we want to supply in the first part of our paper. We indicate some connections between the notion of the universe and other specific mereological notions. Motivated by Soboci\u0144ski\u2019s informal suggestions showing his preference for mereology over the axiomatic set theory in application to philosophy we propose to consider Soboci\u0144ski\u2019s formalism in a new frame which is the ZFM theory\u2014an extension of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory by mereological axioms, developed by A. Pietruszczak. In this systematic part we investigate reasons of \u2019philosophical hopes\u2019 mentioned by Soboci\u0144ski, pinned on the mereological concept of \u201cthe Universe\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms5030023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T10:10:16Z","timestamp":1473156616000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Universe in Le\u015bniewski\u2019s Mereology: Some Comments on Soboci\u0144ski\u2019s Reflections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"\u0141yczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logic, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, W\u00f3ycickiego 1\/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Porwolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logic, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, W\u00f3ycickiego 1\/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Kordula","family":"\u015awi\u0119torzecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logic, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, W\u00f3ycickiego 1\/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Soboci\u0144ski, B. Letter to J. M. Boche\u0144ki from Brussels, dated 12.11. 1948, photocopy of the manuscript."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025396221765","article-title":"Polish attempts to modernize Thomism by logic (Boche\u0144ski and Salamucha)","volume":"55","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stud. East Eur. Thought"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Pietruszczak, A. (2000). Metamereologia, Uniw. Miko\u0142aja Kopernika."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Surma, S.J., Srzednicki, J.T., Barnett, D.I., and Rickey, V.F. (1992). Collected Works, Kluwer."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_5.1","unstructured":"Le\u015bniewski, S. (2015), Pisma zebrane, Ed. by J. Jadacki, Vol. 1, 2, Warszawa: Semper. We take the following reprints of Le\u015bniewski's publications: (L1) Pr\u00f3ba dowodu ontologicznej zasady sprzeczno\u015bci. Przegl\u0105d Filozoficzny 15, 1912, 32-56 (in Vol. 1: pp. 202-226)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_5.2","unstructured":"(L2) Podstawy og\u00f3lnej teorii mnogo\u015bci. I., Moskwa: Prace Polskiego Ko\u0142a Naukowego w Moskwie, Sekcya matematyczno-przyrodnicza, No. 2. 1916 (in Vol. 1: pp. 256-294)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_5.3","unstructured":"(L3) O Podstawach matematyki. Przegl\u0105d Filozoficzny, 30, 1927, 164-206 (in Vol. 1: pp. 295-337)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_5.4","unstructured":"Vol. 31, 1928, 261-291 (in Vol. 1: pp. 338-368)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_5.5","unstructured":"32, 1929, 60-101 (in Vol. 1: pp. 369-410)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_5.6","unstructured":"Vol. 33, 1930, 77-105 (in Vol. 1: pp. 411-439)"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_5.7","unstructured":"34, 1931, 142-170 (in Vol. 1: pp. 440-468)."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Wansing, H. (2014). Le\u015bniewski\u2019s Systems of Logic and Foundation of Mathematics, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Mi\u00e9ville, D., and Vernant, D. (1995). Stanislaw Lesniewski Aujourd\u2019hui, Number 16 in Recherches Philosophie, Langages et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Grenoble."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Soboci\u0144ski, B. (1954). Yearbook for 1954\u20131955 of the Polish Society of Arts and Sciences Abroad, PhilPapers."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02067245","article-title":"St. Le\u015bniewski\u2019s calculus of names","volume":"3","year":"1955","journal-title":"Stud. Log."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Perzanowski, J., and Pietruszczak, A. (2000). Filozofia i Filozofia Logiczna. FLFL 1996\u20131998, Uniw. Miko\u0142aja Kopernika."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Simons, P. (1987). Parts: A Study in Ontology, Oxford Univ. Press."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"89","article-title":"Atomistic mereology","volume":"12","year":"1971","journal-title":"Notre Dame J. Formal Logic"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Shoenfield, J.R. (1967). Mathematical Logic, Addison-Wesley."}],"container-title":["Axioms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1680\/5\/3\/23\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:30:08Z","timestamp":1760211008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1680\/5\/3\/23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["axioms5030023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/axioms5030023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1680"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1680"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]}}}