{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T16:38:37Z","timestamp":1775320717336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we proposed the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based on cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme in a cognitive radio network (CRN) using an adaptive fuzzy system\u2014in this proposed scheme, firstly, the UKF to apply the nonlinear system which is used to minimize the mean square estimation error; secondly, an adaptive fuzzy logic rule based on an inference engine to estimate the local decisions to detect a licensed primary user (PU) that is applied at the fusion center (FC). After that, the FC makes a global decision by using a defuzzification procedure based on a proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieved better detection gain than the conventional schemes like an equal gain combining (EGC) based soft fusion rule and a Kalman filter (KL) based soft fusion rule under any conditions. Moreover, the proposed scheme achieved the lowest global probability of error compared to both the conventional EGC and KF schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc2040039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T02:15:59Z","timestamp":1545099359000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Unscented Kalman Filter Based on Spectrum Sensing in a Cognitive Radio Network Using an Adaptive Fuzzy System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Md Ruhul","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Md Mahbubur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Amazad","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Noakhali Science &amp; Technology University, Sonapur 3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Md Khairul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Banglasesh"}]},{"given":"Kazi Mowdud","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Bikash Chandra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh"},{"name":"DiSTA, University of Insubriaz, 21100 Varese, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0777-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Sipon","family":"Miah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Hu, Z., Guo, T.N., Qiu, R., and Currie, K. 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