{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:52:36Z","timestamp":1778860356354,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Today\u2019s rapid growth of elderly populations and aging problems coupled with the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other health related issues have affected many aspects of society. This has led to high demands for a more robust healthcare monitoring, diagnosing and treatments facilities. In particular to Sleep Medicine, sleep has a key role to play in both physical and mental health. The quality and duration of sleep have a direct and significant impact on people\u2019s learning, memory, metabolism, weight, safety, mood, cardio-vascular health, diseases, and immune system function. The gold-standard for OSA diagnosis is the overnight sleep monitoring system using polysomnography (PSG). However, despite the quality and reliability of the PSG system, it is not well suited for long-term continuous usage due to limited mobility as well as causing possible irritation, distress, and discomfort to patients during the monitoring process. These limitations have led to stronger demands for non-contact sleep monitoring systems. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of non-contact Doppler radar sleep monitoring technology and provide an outline of current challenges and make recommendations on future research directions to practically realize and commercialize the technology for everyday usage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc3010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T03:36:30Z","timestamp":1546486590000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Doppler Radar-Based Non-Contact Health Monitoring for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinh Phuc","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering &amp; Information Technology (FEIT), University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia"},{"name":"Digital Health Technology, Respiratory Care Solutions, ResMed Ltd., Bella Vista NSW 2153, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0297-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel Ali","family":"Al-Jumaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Technologies, Faculty of Engineering &amp; Information Technology (FEIT), University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3200-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Mohammed Shamsul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Discipline of Computing and Security, School of Science, Edith Cowan University (ECU), Joondalup WA 6027, Australia"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering (Adjunct), University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704","article-title":"The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Among Middle-Aged Adults","volume":"328","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. 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