{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:44:01Z","timestamp":1769204641089,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD015716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD015716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01LM012849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM012849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Collecting neighborhood data can both be time- and resource-intensive, especially across broad geographies. In this study, we leveraged 1.4 million publicly available Google Street View (GSV) images from Utah to construct indicators of the neighborhood built environment and evaluate their associations with 2017\u20132019 health outcomes of approximately one-third of the population living in Utah. The use of electronic medical records allows for the assessment of associations between neighborhood characteristics and individual-level health outcomes while controlling for predisposing factors, which distinguishes this study from previous GSV studies that were ecological in nature. Among 938,085 adult patients, we found that individuals living in communities in the highest tertiles of green streets and non-single-family homes have 10\u201327% lower diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, but higher substance use disorders\u2014controlling for age, White race, Hispanic ethnicity, religion, marital status, health insurance, and area deprivation index. Conversely, the presence of visible utility wires overhead was associated with 5\u201310% more diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and substance use disorders. Our study found that non-single-family and green streets were related to a lower prevalence of chronic conditions, while visible utility wires and single-lane roads were connected with a higher burden of chronic conditions. These contextual characteristics can better help healthcare organizations understand the drivers of their patients\u2019 health by further considering patients\u2019 residential environments, which present both risks and resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc6010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T21:59:55Z","timestamp":1643320795000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Google Street View Images as Predictors of Patient Health Outcomes, 2017\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4745-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quynh C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Belnap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6658-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pallavi","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Hossein Nazem","family":"Deligani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3255-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dapeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3178-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Keralis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"given":"Heran","family":"Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1185-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thu T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"given":"Tolga","family":"Tasdizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}]},{"given":"Kim D.","family":"Brunisholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195083316.003.0014","article-title":"Ecological approaches: Rediscovering the role of the physical and social environment","volume":"9","author":"Macintyre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc. 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