{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:54:10Z","timestamp":1760151250494,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Virtual reality technologies, including head-mounted displays (HMD), can provide benefits to psychological research by combining high degrees of experimental control with improved ecological validity. This is due to the strong feeling of being in the displayed environment (presence) experienced by VR users. As of yet, it is not fully explored how using HMDs impacts basic perceptual tasks, such as object perception. In traditional display setups, the congruency between background environment and object category has been shown to impact response times in object perception tasks. In this study, we investigated whether this well-established effect is comparable when using desktop and HMD devices. In the study, 21 participants used both desktop and HMD setups to perform an object identification task and, subsequently, their subjective presence while experiencing two-distinct virtual environments (a beach and a home environment) was evaluated. Participants were quicker to identify objects in the HMD condition, independent of object-environment congruency, while congruency effects were not impacted. Furthermore, participants reported significantly higher presence in the HMD condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc6010028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T10:21:16Z","timestamp":1646648476000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Object Detection in Head-Mounted and Desktop Displays for Congruent and Incongruent Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive Science, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2361-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erinchan","family":"Telatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive Science, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-8223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shah Rukh","family":"Humayoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A note on presence terminology","volume":"3","author":"Slater","year":"2003","journal-title":"Presence Connect"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.257","article-title":"Virtual Reality: How Much Immersion Is Enough?","volume":"40","author":"Bowman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Biocca, F., and Levy, M.R. 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