{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T12:26:40Z","timestamp":1769430400169,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["742517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["742517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["early career grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["early career grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012796","name":"St. Cloud State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["742517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["742517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012796","name":"St. Cloud State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["early career grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["early career grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spread of fake news related to COVID-19 is an infodemic that leads to a public health crisis. Therefore, detecting fake news is crucial for an effective management of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Studies have shown that machine learning models can detect COVID-19 fake news based on the content of news articles. However, the use of biomedical information, which is often featured in COVID-19 news, has not been explored in the development of these models. We present a novel approach for predicting COVID-19 fake news by leveraging biomedical information extraction (BioIE) in combination with machine learning models. We analyzed 1164 COVID-19 news articles and used advanced BioIE algorithms to extract 158 novel features. These features were then used to train 15 machine learning classifiers to predict COVID-19 fake news. Among the 15 classifiers, the random forest model achieved the best performance with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.882, which is 12.36% to 31.05% higher compared to models trained on traditional features. Furthermore, incorporating BioIE-based features improved the performance of a state-of-the-art multi-modality model (AUC 0.914 vs. 0.887). Our study suggests that incorporating biomedical information into fake news detection models improves their performance, and thus could be a valuable tool in the fight against the COVID-19 infodemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc7010046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T02:30:23Z","timestamp":1678242623000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Machine Learning-Based Identifications of COVID-19 Fake News Using Biomedical Information Extraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Faizi","family":"Fifita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, St Cloud State University, 720 4th Ave South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St Cloud State University, 720 4th Ave South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa B.","family":"Hanzsek-Brill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St Cloud State University, 720 4th Ave South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St Cloud State University, 720 4th Ave South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengshi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St Cloud State University, 720 4th Ave South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bang, Y., Ishii, E., Cahyawijaya, S., Ji, Z., and Fung, P. 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