{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:29Z","timestamp":1787027849437,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technological system that provides a platform to manage and analyze data by emulating human cognitive functions with greater accuracy, revolutionizing patient care and introducing a paradigm shift to the healthcare industry. The purpose of this study is to identify the underlying factors that affect the adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare (AIH) by healthcare providers and to understand \u201cWhat are the factors that influence healthcare providers\u2019 behavioral intentions to adopt AIH in their routine practice?\u201d An integrated survey was conducted among healthcare providers, including consultants, residents\/students, and nurses. The survey included items related to performance expectancy, effort expectancy, initial trust, personal innovativeness, task complexity, and technology characteristics. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. A total of 392 healthcare professionals participated in the survey, with 72.4% being male and 50.7% being 30 years old or younger. The results showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and initial trust have a positive influence on the behavioral intentions of healthcare providers to use AIH. Personal innovativeness was found to have a positive influence on effort expectancy, while task complexity and technology characteristics have a positive influence on effort expectancy for AIH. The study\u2019s empirically validated model sheds light on healthcare providers\u2019 intention to adopt AIH, while the study\u2019s findings can be used to develop strategies to encourage this adoption. However, further investigation is necessary to understand the individual factors affecting the adoption of AIH by healthcare providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc7020105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T02:01:15Z","timestamp":1685498475000},"page":"105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Breaking Barriers: Unveiling Factors Influencing the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence by Healthcare Providers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"BM Zeeshan","family":"Hameed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore 575002, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"iTRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-Oncology and Endourology) Group, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0356-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nithesh","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iTRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-Oncology and Endourology) Group, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9127-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sufyan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iTRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-Oncology and Endourology) Group, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha S.","family":"Tatkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Diploma in Management, Institute of PGDM, Mumbai Education Trust, Mumbai 400050, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milap J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iTRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-Oncology and Endourology) Group, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Aarogyam Speciality Hospital, Ahmedabad 380014, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharini","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prithvi","family":"Hegde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagdish Sheth School of Management, Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Chlosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Go\u0142\u0119bia 24, 31-007 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavan Prasad","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhaskar K","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-02204-y","article-title":"Perceptions of artificial intelligence in healthcare: Findings from a qualitative survey study among actors in France","volume":"18","author":"Brian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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