{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:32:44Z","timestamp":1776472364483,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stiftung Innovation in der Hochschullehre","award":["FBM2020-EA-1670-01800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FBM2020-EA-1670-01800"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg (MWK)","award":["FBM2020-EA-1670-01800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FBM2020-EA-1670-01800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of generative language models (GLMs), such as OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT, is changing the way we communicate with computers and has a major impact on the educational landscape. While GLMs have great potential to support education, their use is not unproblematic, as they suffer from hallucinations and misinformation. In this paper, we investigate how a very limited amount of domain-specific data, from lecture slides and transcripts, can be used to build knowledge-based and generative educational chatbots. We found that knowledge-based chatbots allow full control over the system\u2019s response but lack the verbosity and flexibility of GLMs. The answers provided by GLMs are more trustworthy and offer greater flexibility, but their correctness cannot be guaranteed. Adapting GLMs to domain-specific data trades flexibility for correctness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc8010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T04:40:44Z","timestamp":1703565644000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Knowledge-Based and Generative-AI-Driven Pedagogical Conversational Agents: A Comparative Study of Grice\u2019s Cooperative Principles and Trust"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"W\u00f6lfel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1993-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrnoush Barani","family":"Shirzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2426-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2100-0998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Anderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Institut for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR), Karlsruher Institut for Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Intelligent (2023, December 15). 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