{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:22:14Z","timestamp":1772821334514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Manual labeling and categorization are extremely time-consuming and, thus, costly. AI and ML-supported information systems can bridge this gap and support labor-intensive digital activities. Since it requires categorization, coding-based analysis, such as qualitative content analysis, reaches its limits with large amounts of data and could benefit from AI and ML-based support. Empirical social research, its application domain, benefits from Big Data\u2019s ability to create more extensive human behavior and development models. A range of applications are available for statistical analysis to serve this purpose. This paper aims to implement an information system that supports researchers in empirical social research in performing AI-supported qualitative content analysis. AI2VIS4BigData is a reference model that standardizes use cases and artifacts for Big Data information systems that integrate AI and ML for user empowerment. Thus, this work\u2019s concepts and implementations try to achieve an AI2VIS4BigData-compliant information system that supports social researchers in categorizing text data and creating insightful dashboards. Thereby, the text categorization is based on an existing ML component. Furthermore, it presents two evaluations that were conducted for these concepts and implementations: a qualitative cognitive walkthrough assessing the system\u2019s usability and a quantitative user study with 18 participants revealed that though the users perceive AI support as more efficient, they need more time to reflect on the recommendations. The research revealed that AI support increased the correctness of the users\u2019 categorizations but also slowed down their decision-making. The assumption that this is due to the UI design and additional information for processing requires follow-up research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc8020011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T04:17:40Z","timestamp":1705983460000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["AI-Based User Empowerment for Empirical Social Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1100-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thoralf","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6829-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Dumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7783-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bruchhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4912-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6859-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Schreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3789-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco X.","family":"Bornschlegl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8293-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias L.","family":"Hemmje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Hagen, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 1, D-58097 Hagen, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0206-3","article-title":"Uncertainty in big data analytics: Survey, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Hariri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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