{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:03:45Z","timestamp":1771232625180,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Educatio","award":["20YJAGAT002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YJAGAT002"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Educatio","award":["2022WRC12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022WRC12"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Educatio","award":["2022WRC20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022WRC20"]}]},{"name":"Jiaying, University of Engineering, Dr. Scientific Research Fund","award":["20YJAGAT002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YJAGAT002"]}]},{"name":"Jiaying, University of Engineering, Dr. Scientific Research Fund","award":["2022WRC12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022WRC12"]}]},{"name":"Jiaying, University of Engineering, Dr. Scientific Research Fund","award":["2022WRC20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022WRC20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Historic urban areas are the foundations of urban development. Due to rapid urbanization, the sustainable development of historic urban areas has become challenging for many cities. Elements of tourism and tourism service facilities play an important role in the sustainable development of historic areas. This study analyzed policies related to tourism in Panguifang and Meixian districts in Meizhou, Guangdong, China. Kernel density estimation was used to study the clustering characteristics of tourism elements through point of interest (POI) data, while space syntax was used to study the accessibility of roads. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the correlation between the elements and accessibility. The results show the following: (1) the overall number of tourism elements was high on the western side of the districts and low on the eastern one, and the elements were predominantly distributed along the main transportation arteries; (2) according to the integration degree and depth value, the western side was easier to access than the eastern one; and (3) the depth value of the area negatively correlated with kernel density, while the degree of integration positively correlated with it. Based on the results, the study put forward measures for optimizing the elements of tourism in Meizhou\u2019s historic urban area to improve cultural tourism and emphasize the importance of the elements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc8030029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T07:25:32Z","timestamp":1710141932000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Distribution and Accessibility of Elements of Tourism in Historic and Cultural Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1276-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Ling","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Liberal Arts, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China"}]},{"given":"Juan-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Lung","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leisure Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 30401, Taiwan, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kou, H., Zhou, J., Chen, J., and Zhang, S. (2018). Conservation for Sustainable Development: The Sustainability Evaluation of the Xijie Historic District, Dujiangyan City, China. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124645"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2019.102098","article-title":"Urban conservation in China in an international context: Retrospect and prospects","volume":"95","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chahardowli, M., Sajadzadeh, H., Aram, F., and Mosavi, A. (2020). Survey of Sustainable Regeneration of Historic and Cultural Cores of Cities. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13112708"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C.-L., McAleer, M., and Ramos, V. (2020). A Charter for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12093671"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/09669580508668484","article-title":"Cultural Heritage Assets in China as Sustainable Tourism Products: Case Studies of the Hutongs and the Huanghua Section of the Great Wall","volume":"13","author":"Bauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tour."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2007.05.010","article-title":"Transport infrastructure and tourism development","volume":"34","author":"Khadaroo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.104014","article-title":"Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction","volume":"77","author":"Kanwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098014544763","article-title":"The impact of street network connectivity on pedestrian volume","volume":"52","author":"Hajrasouliha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Integraci\u00f3n tur\u00edstica en centros hist\u00f3ricos: Adaptaciones de uso por tipo de vialidad","volume":"15","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cuad. Vivienda Urban."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Hu, X., Wang, J., and Lu, A. (2023). How Diversity and Accessibility Affect Street Vitality in Historic Districts?. Land, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/land12010219"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y., and Lin, Z. (2023). Spatial Accessibility Analysis and Optimization Simulation of Urban Riverfront Space Based on Space Syntax and POIs: A Case Study of Songxi County, China. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su152014929"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., Zhu, J., Sun, Y., and Zhao, J. (2019). Delimitating urban commercial central districts by combining kernel density estimation and road intersections: A case study in nanjing city, china. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8020093"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00037","DOI":"10.1051\/itmconf\/20182300037","article-title":"Kernel density estimation and its application","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"ITM Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916502238863","article-title":"Space Syntax: A Brief Introduction to Its Logic and Analytical Techniques","volume":"35","author":"Bafna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17801","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-3095-2","article-title":"Assessment of lively street network based on geographic information system and space syntax","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1068\/b34050t","article-title":"Challenges in Multilevel Wayfinding: A Case Study with the Space Syntax Technique","volume":"39","author":"Vrachliotis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Plan. Des."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"161","article-title":"Integration of space syntax into GIS for modelling urban spaces","volume":"2","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-2751(02)00071-9","article-title":"An analysis of the relationship between land use density of office buildings and urban street configuration: Case studies of two areas in Seoul by space syntax analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cleophas, T.J., and Zwinderman, A.H. (2018). Modern Bayesian Statistics in Clinical Research, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92747-3"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-021-00558-5","article-title":"Joint development of cultural heritage protection and tourism: The case of Mount Lushan cultural landscape heritage site","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Herit. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheshmehzangi, A. (2023). Mapping Urban Regeneration: City Life Experiences in Yunnan, China, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-3541-3"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garau, C. (2017). Emerging Technologies and Cultural Tourism: Opportunities for a Cultural Urban Tourism Research Agenda, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26877-4_4"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"75","article-title":"Cultural integration and rural tourism development: A scoping literature review","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tour. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities5020025","article-title":"Implementing data-driven smart city applications for future cities","volume":"5","author":"Kaluarachchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Smart Cities"}],"container-title":["Big Data and Cognitive Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2504-2289\/8\/3\/29\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:11:56Z","timestamp":1760105516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2504-2289\/8\/3\/29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["bdcc8030029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bdcc8030029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-2289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-2289","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]}}}