{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:18:39Z","timestamp":1772727519629,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven significant advancements across sectors such as urbanization, manufacturing, and healthcare, all of which are focused on enhancing quality of life and stimulating the global economy. This survey offers an in-depth analysis of the integration of blockchain technology with IoT, addressing aspects such as architectural alignment, applications, security, limitations, scalability, and latency. Moreover, this survey focuses on security, integration techniques, and future research directions. The primary contributions of this review include a taxonomy of security concerns specific to IoT, an analysis of integration methods, and insights into consensus mechanisms suitable for resource-constrained environments. These findings highlight the unique challenges and opportunities in IoT\u2013blockchain integration, providing a foundation for advancing secure and scalable IoT applications. By exploring consensus mechanisms and resource-constrained deployments, this paper provides a framework for developing secure and efficient IoT applications utilizing blockchain technology and providing a basis for future research and practical applications. In addition, this survey investigates innovative trends, including AI-driven blockchain for IoT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc8120174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T09:21:23Z","timestamp":1732785683000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exploring IoT and Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey on Security, Integration Strategies, Applications and Future Research Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2963-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muath A.","family":"Obaidat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, John Jay College and the Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1103-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majdi","family":"Rawashdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Information Technology, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman P.O. Box 1438, Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, Al Yamamah University, Riyadh P.O. Box 45180, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alja\u2019afreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Program, Department Communication Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman P.O. Box 1438, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Meryem","family":"Abouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, John Jay College, New York, NY 10019, USA"}]},{"given":"Kutub","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Professional Security Studies, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305, USA"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Karime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Station Forces, P.O. Box 17000, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"A Survey on Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Issues","volume":"90","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalil, K., Elgazzar, K., Abdelgawad, A., and Bayoumi, M. (2020, January 2\u201316). A Security Approach for CoAP-based Internet of Things Resource Discovery. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), New Orleans, LA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT48130.2020.9221153"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of Things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications","volume":"17","author":"Guizani","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. 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