{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:05:15Z","timestamp":1767704715704,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["402752\/2023-6","305858\/2023-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402752\/2023-6","305858\/2023-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDCC"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a transformative technology that allows interconnected devices to exchange data over the Internet, enabling automation and real-time decision making in a variety of areas. A key aspect of the success of the IoT lies in its integration with low-resource hardware, such as low-cost microprocessors and microcontrollers. These devices, which are affordable and energy efficient, are capable of handling basic tasks such as sensing, processing, and data transmission. Their low cost makes them ideal for IoT applications in low-income communities where the government is often absent. This review aims to present some applications\u2014such as a flood detection system; a monitoring system for analog and digital sensors; an air quality measurement system; a mesh video network for community surveillance; and a real-time fleet management system\u2014that use low-cost hardware such as ESP32, Raspberry Pi, and Arduino, and the MQTT protocol used to implement low-cost monitoring systems applied to improve the quality of life of people in small cities or communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc9020019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T03:40:17Z","timestamp":1737517217000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low-Cost Embedded System Applications for Smart Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8056-8269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria Alejandra Salazar","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0084-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Puertas","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6084-9001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar Giacomini","family":"Penteado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Mar\u00edlia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8961-5196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Gazziro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Metamaterials Microwaves and Optics (GMeta), Department of Electrical Engineering (SEL), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, Nr. 400, Parque Industrial Arnold Schimidt, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"An IoT based home automation integrated approach: Impact on society in sustainable development perspective","volume":"11","author":"Mahmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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