{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:56:37Z","timestamp":1760151397975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies have attempted to measure differences in lifestyle quality across the world. This paper contributes to this strand of literature by extending the indicator introduced in Milevsky (2020), i.e., \u201clongevity-risk-adjusted global age\u201d (LRaG age), to deal with the new short-term mortality fluctuation data series freely available from the Human Mortality Database. The new weekly data on mortality allow measuring weekly biological age. The weekly differences between biological and chronological ages across countries were used to assess country resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of excess mortality and health expenditure. Countries with a biological age lower than the chronological age had a lower excess mortality in 2020\u20132021 and a lower health expenditure, thus indicating some resilience to the shock of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation10040047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1647960935000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-Term Mortality Fluctuations and Longevity Risk-Adjusted Age: Learning the Resilience of a Country to a Health Shock"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gloria","family":"Polinesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universit\u00e1 Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Recchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universit\u00e1 Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Mathematics and Statistics, Birkbeck University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0866-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Sysoev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Lipetsk State Technical University, 398055 Lipetsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001239","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.28.2001239","article-title":"All-cause excess mortality observed by age group and regions in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England","volume":"25","author":"Sinnathamby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polinesi, G., Recchioni, M.C., Sysoev, A., and Rimondi, A. (2021, January 10\u201312). Longevity-risk-adjusted Global Age Indicators in Russia and Italy. Proceedings of the 2021 3rd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA), Lipetsk, Russia.","DOI":"10.1109\/SUMMA53307.2021.9632068"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collett, D. (2015). Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b18041"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"513","article-title":"Xxiv. on the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality, and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies. In a letter to Francis Baily, esq. frs &c","volume":"115","author":"Gompertz","year":"1825","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S2046166600003238","article-title":"On the law of mortality","volume":"13","author":"Makeham","year":"1867","journal-title":"J. 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