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An acquisition protocol was defined to record eye tracking and EEG data from 15 participants as they interact with a computer-based learning environment called Amnesia, a medical simulation system that assesses the analytical skills of novice medicine students while they solve patient cases. We use gaze data to assess learners\u2019 visual focus and present our methodology to track learners\u2019 reasoning process through scanpath pattern analysis. We also describe our methodology for examining learners\u2019 cognitive states using mental engagement and workload neural indexes. Finally, we discuss the relationship between gaze path information and EEG and how our analyses can lead to new forms of clinical diagnostic reasoning assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation10080130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T20:49:28Z","timestamp":1659041368000},"page":"130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Understanding Clinical Reasoning through Visual Scanpath and Brain Activity Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Im\u00e8ne","family":"Jraidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Chaouachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Ben Khedher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2814-3962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne P.","family":"Lajoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Frasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104623","article-title":"A review of virtual-simulation for assessing healthcare students\u2019 clinical competency","volume":"96","author":"Coyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. 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