{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:37:39Z","timestamp":1783600659459,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-29-01611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-29-01611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The design of integrated energy systems (IESs) is a challenging task by reason of the highly complex configurations of these systems, the wide range of equipment used, and a diverse set of mathematical models and dedicated software employed to model it. The use of digital twins allows modeling in virtual space for various IES configurations. As a result, an optimal option of IES is obtained, which is implemented in the construction or expansion of a real-world IES. The paper proposes the principles of building digital twins for solving the IES design problems. The paper presents a new methodological approach developed by the authors to design an IES with the help of its digital twin. This approach includes the following components: the architecture of the software platform to create digital twins, a set of technologies and tools to implement the platform, methods to automatically construct a digital twin based on the Model-Driven Engineering concept, an algorithm to design an IES based on its digital twin, and principles to organize a computational process using a multi-agent approach. The results of the computational experiment using the software implementation of the IES digital twin components are presented for a test energy supply scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation10120222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T06:24:44Z","timestamp":1671431084000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Principles of Building Digital Twins to Design Integrated Energy Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Valery","family":"Stennikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Barakhtenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4068-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Sokolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gleb","family":"Mayorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.07.172","article-title":"Current state of research on the energy management and expansion planning of integrated energy systems","volume":"8","author":"Stennikov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1134\/S107570071705015X","article-title":"Integrated energy systems: Challenges, trends, philosophy","volume":"28","author":"Voropai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud. 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