{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:06:06Z","timestamp":1770354366751,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the newly developed Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) is formulated to minimize the weight of truss structures. MPA is a swarm-based metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the efficient foraging strategies of marine predators in oceanic environments. In order to assess the robustness of the proposed method, three normal-sized structural benchmarks (10-bar, 60-bar, and 120-bar spatial dome) and three large-scale structures (272-bar, 942-bar, and 4666-bar truss tower) were selected from the literature. Results point to the inherent strength of MPA against all state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimizers implemented so far. Moreover, for the first time in the field, a quantitative evaluation and an answer to the age-old question of the proper convergence behavior (exploration vs. exploitation balance) in the context of structural optimization is conducted. Therefore, a novel dimension-wise diversity index is adopted as a methodology to investigate each of the two schemes. It was concluded that the balance that produced the best results was about 90% exploitation and 10% exploration (on average for the entire computational process).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation11050091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T13:54:46Z","timestamp":1682949286000},"page":"91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Marine Predators Algorithm for Sizing Optimization of Truss Structures with Continuous Variables"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-1994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafiq","family":"Bodalal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benghazi (UOB), Benghazi P.O. Box 1308, Libya"}]},{"given":"Farag","family":"Shuaeib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benghazi (UOB), Benghazi P.O. Box 1308, Libya"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893","article-title":"No free lunch theorems for optimization","volume":"1","author":"Wolpert","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2018.10.017","article-title":"A novel hybrid method combining electromagnetism-like mechanism and firefly algorithms for constrained design optimization of discrete truss structures","volume":"212","author":"Le","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. 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