{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:39:16Z","timestamp":1760143156131,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research proposes a new variant of Nowak and Sigmund\u2019s indirect reciprocity model focused on agents\u2019 individualism, which means that an agent strengthens its profile to the extent to which it makes a profit; this is using agent-based modeling. In addition, our model includes environmentally related conditions such as visibility and cooperative demand and internal poses such as obstinacy. The simulation results show that cooperators appear in a more significant proportion with conditions of low reputation visibility and high cooperative demand. Still, severe defectors take advantage of this situation and exceed the cooperators\u2019 ratio. Some events show a heterogeneous society only with conditions of high obstinacy and cooperative demand. In general, the simulations show diverse scenarios, including centralized, polarized, and mixed societies. Simulation results show no healthy cooperation in indirect reciprocity due to individualism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation12020020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T09:57:42Z","timestamp":1706090262000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cooperation Dynamic through Individualistic Indirect Reciprocity Mechanism in a Multi-Dynamic Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1238-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario-Ignacio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Enrique D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n 1144, Col. Paseos de la Monta\u00f1a, Lagos de Moreno C.P. 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo-Armando","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Enrique D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n 1144, Col. Paseos de la Monta\u00f1a, Lagos de Moreno C.P. 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, M.A. (2006). Evolutionary Dynamics: Exploring the Equations of Life, Belknap Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjghw98"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.003","article-title":"Human Cooperation","volume":"17","author":"Rand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Alexander, R.D. (1987). 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