{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T11:38:50Z","timestamp":1763552330823,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the issues in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is language representation and modeling, aiming to manage its structure and find solutions to linguistic issues. With the pursuit of the most efficient capture of knowledge about the Modern Greek language and, given the scientifically certified usability of the ontological structuring of data in the field of the semantic web and cognitive computing, a new ontology of the Modern Greek language at the level of structure and vocabulary is presented in this paper, using the Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 platform. With the specific logical and structured form of knowledge representation to express, this research processes and exploits in an easy and useful way the distributed semantics of linguistic information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation12120249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T05:58:27Z","timestamp":1734933507000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ontological Representation of the Structure and Vocabulary of Modern Greek on the Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nikoletta","family":"Samaridi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Papakitsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1777-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikitas","family":"Karanikolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Samaridi, N., Karanikolas, N., Papoutsidakis, M., and Papakitsos, E. (2021, January 19). A Survey on Ontological Organization of Data in the Semantic Web. Proceedings of the 14th International Scientific Conference \u201ceRA 2021\u201d in the Field of \u201cIndustry 4.0\u201d, Data Management and Educational Parameters of Industry 4.0, Athens, Greece. Available online: http:\/\/era-conference.teipir.gr\/.","key":"ref_1"},{"unstructured":"Samaridi, N., Karanikolas, N., and Papakitsos, E. (2020, January 20\u201322). Lexicographic Environments in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Proceedings of the 24th Pan-Hellenic Conference on Informatics (PCI 2020), Athens, Greece.","key":"ref_2"},{"unstructured":"Samaridi, N., Karanikolas, N., Papakitsos, E., and Papoutsidakis, M. (2020, January 20\u201322). Designing a Greek Electronic Dictionary based on Ontology. Proceedings of the 24th Pan-Hellenic Conference on Informatics (PCI 2020), Athens, Greece.","key":"ref_3"},{"unstructured":"McGuinness, N., and Van Harmelen, F. (2024, July 27). OWL Web Ontology Language Overview. February 2004. Available online: www.w3.org\/TR\/owl-features\/.","key":"ref_4"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2007.03.004","article-title":"Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner","volume":"5","author":"Sirin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Web Semant. Sci. Serv. Agents World Wide Web"},{"unstructured":"Shearer, R., Motik, B., and Horrocks, I. (2008, January 26\u201327). HermiT: A Highly-Efficient OWL Reasoner. Proceedings of the Fifth OWLED Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions, Collocated with the 7th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC-2008), Karlsruhe, Germany.","key":"ref_6"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"89","article-title":"The Software Infrastructure for the Development and Validation of the Greek Wordnet","volume":"7","author":"Grigoriadou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"unstructured":"Copeland, G., and Khoshafian, S. (1986, January 23\u201326). Identity and Versions for Complex Objects. Proceedings of the 1986 International Workshop on Object-Oriented Database Systems, Pacific Grove, CA, USA. Available online: https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/318826.318873.","key":"ref_8"},{"unstructured":"Stavroulas, G. (2016). Object-Oriented Methodology and Tools for the Integration of Structured and Semi-Structured Information Using Ontologies [A\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd O\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u2206\u03bf\u00b5\u03b7\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 H\u00b5\u03b9-\u2206\u03bf\u00b5\u03b7\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b5 \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 O\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd]. [Ph.D. Thesis, National Technical University of Athens]. (In Greek).","key":"ref_9"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4995\/ijpme.2023.18702","article-title":"A survey on supply chain ontologies","volume":"11","author":"Samaridi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Manag. Eng."},{"unstructured":"Guarino, N. (1998, January 6\u20138). Formal Ontology in Information Systems. Proceedings of the FOIS\u201998, Trento, Italy. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/272169039_Formal_Ontologies_and_Information_Systems.","key":"ref_11"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"385","article-title":"Developing a Logistics Ontology for Natural Language Processing","volume":"21","author":"Samaridi","year":"2024","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. Inf. Sci. Appl."},{"unstructured":"Noy, N., and McGuinness, D.L. (2024, June 12). Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology. Knowledge Systems Laboratory of Stanford University, Technical Report KSL-01-05 and Stanford Medical Informatics Technical Report SMI-2001-0880, March 2001. Available online: https:\/\/protege.stanford.edu\/publications\/ontology_development\/ontology101.pdf.","key":"ref_13"},{"unstructured":"Gr\u00fcninger, M., and Fox, M.S. (1995, January 19\u201321). Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies. Proceedings of the Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, IJCAI-95, Montreal, QC, Canada.","key":"ref_14"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.263.0276","article-title":"A framework for information systems architecture","volume":"26","author":"Zachman","year":"1987","journal-title":"IBM Syst. J."},{"unstructured":"Triantaphyllidis, M. (2007). Modern Greek Grammar, Update of the Small Modern Greek Grammar; OEDB. (In Greek).","key":"ref_16"},{"unstructured":"Hatzisavvidis, S., and Hatzisavvidou, A. (2011). Grammar of the Modern Greek Language, A, B, C High School, ITYE \u201cDiophantos\u201d. (In Greek).","key":"ref_17"},{"unstructured":"(2024, July 27). Electronic Dictionary of Common Modern Greek by M. Triantafyllidis. (In Greek).","key":"ref_18"},{"unstructured":"(2024, July 27). Supply Chain. (In Greek).","key":"ref_19"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(92)90003-S","article-title":"Dimensions of knowledge sharing and reuse","volume":"25","author":"Musen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"199","article-title":"A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specification","volume":"2","author":"Gruber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acad. Press"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1995.1075","article-title":"A Linguistic Ontology","volume":"43","author":"Dahlgren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"unstructured":"Markantonatou, S., and Fotopoulou, A. (2007, January 8\u201310). The tool \u201cEkfrasi\u201d. In Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Greek Linguistics, the Lexicography Workshop, Ioannina, Greece.","key":"ref_23"},{"unstructured":"(2024, July 27). Gate for the Greek language. (In Greek).","key":"ref_24"},{"unstructured":"(2024, July 27). Gate for the Greek Language. (In Greek).","key":"ref_25"},{"unstructured":"Babiniotis, G. (1988). Theoretical Linguistics, Introduction to Modern Linguistics [\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0393\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u0393\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1], Babiniotis. (In Greek).","key":"ref_26"},{"unstructured":"(2024, July 27). Gate for the Greek Language. (In Greek).","key":"ref_27"}],"container-title":["Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-3197\/12\/12\/249\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:58:14Z","timestamp":1760115494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-3197\/12\/12\/249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["computation12120249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computation12120249","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-3197"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-3197"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]}}}