{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:42:21Z","timestamp":1760146941902,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]],"date-time":"2024-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basque Government","award":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"]}]},{"name":"Diputaci\u00f3n Foral de \u00c1lava (DFA)","award":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"]}]},{"name":"UPV\/EHU","award":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"]}]},{"name":"MobilityLab Foundation","award":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project EKOHEGAZ II (ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051)","project CONAVANTER","project GIU23\/002","CONV23\/14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces a novel adaptive control method for suspension vehicle systems in response to road disturbances. The considered model is based on an active symmetry quarter car (SQC) fractional order suspension system (FOSS). The word symmetry in SQC refers to the symmetry of the suspension system in the front tires or the rear tires of the car. The active suspension controller is generally driven by an external force like a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator. The external force of the actuator is determined using fractional dynamic sliding mode control (FDSMC) to counteract road disturbances and eliminate the chattering caused by sliding mode control (SMC). In FDSMC, a fractional integral acts as a low-pass filter before the system actuator to remove high-frequency chattering, necessitating an additional state for FDSMC implementation assuming all FOSS state variables are available but the parameters are unknown and uncertain. Hence, an adaptive procedure is proposed to estimate these parameters. To enhance closed-loop system performance, an adaptive proportional-integral (PI) procedure is also employed, resulting in the FDSMC-PI approach. A comparison is made between two SQC suspension system models, the fractional order suspension system (FOSS) and the integer order suspension system (IOSS). The IOSS controller is based on dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC) and a PI procedure (DSMC-PI). The results show that FDSMC outperforms DSMC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]],"date-time":"2024-12-25T19:27:46Z","timestamp":1735154866000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On Adaptive Fractional Dynamic Sliding Mode Control of Suspension System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Karami-Mollaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Barambones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control and System Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2004.830145","article-title":"Modeling of vehicle dynamics from real vehicle measurements using a neural network with two-stage hybrid learning for accurate long-term prediction","volume":"53","author":"Yim","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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