{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:34:38Z","timestamp":1759970078543,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research develops an equation to describe the relationship between stress (\u03c3) and strain (\u03b5) in concrete under different conditions. It includes important parameters from earlier studies to improve predictions of stress\u2013strain behavior, especially for concrete with crumb rubber and stainless-steel fibers at various temperatures. The initial phase assessed three existing stress\u2013strain formulas as a basis for optimization. Using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), a new equation was created to simulate the stress\u2013strain relationship while considering temperature changes and material additions. Results showed that Formula (1), optimized with the WOA, performed much better than other polynomial and exponential formulas, proving the WOA\u2019s effectiveness over the traditional GA. A comparison of the mechanical properties from experiments and those predicted by the new formula showed a high level of accuracy. Key properties like the maximum stress, strain at maximum stress, modulus of elasticity, and toughness were well captured. The findings highlight how temperature and material composition significantly affect concrete\u2019s mechanical behavior. Overall, this research offers important insights into the factors influencing concrete performance, providing a solid framework for future studies and practical applications in engineering and construction. The proposed formula is a reliable tool for predicting concrete\u2019s mechanical properties under various conditions, which aids in better modeling and optimization in concrete design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T09:54:27Z","timestamp":1736416467000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimization and Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Crumb Rubber and Stainless-Steel Fibers Under Varying Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"El-Zohairy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Technology, East Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX 75429, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4397-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Zagazig Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goncalves, M.C., and Margarido, F. 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