{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:09:52Z","timestamp":1771063792902,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["# FSWW-2023-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# FSWW-2023-0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Issues related to increasing the number of material recognition classes in cargo inspection by the X-ray dual high-energy method through introducing a class of heavy organic materials that include basic explosives are considered. A mathematical model of material recognition by the dual-energy method based on the parameters of level lines and effective atomic numbers has been proposed. Estimates of the parameters of the level lines and effective atomic numbers of explosives and their physical counterparts for monoenergetic and classical high-energy implementations of the dual-energy method were made. The use of a simulation model to demonstrate the ability to detect and correctly identify explosives and their physical counterparts using the dual high-energy method is illustrated. An algorithmic methodological approach is proposed to improve the accuracy of effective atomic number estimation. It has been demonstrated theoretically and by simulation that it is possible to distinguish materials in cargo inspection from the following classes of materials: light organics (typical representative\u2014polyethylene); heavy organics (explosives), light minerals and heavy plastics (fluoropolymers); light metals (aluminum, Z = 13), heavy minerals (calcium oxide, Z = 19); metals (iron, Z = 26); heavy metals (tin, Z = 50); and radiation insensitive metals (Z &gt; 57).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13020041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T06:30:29Z","timestamp":1738823429000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increasing the Number of Material Recognition Classes in Cargo Inspection Using the X-Ray Dual High-Energy Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2297-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Osipov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostika-M LLC, Volgogradsky Av., 42, 109316 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Chakhlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian-Chinese Laboratory for Radiation Control and Inspection, School of Non-Destructive Testing, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Av., 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Eugeny","family":"Usachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostika-M LLC, Volgogradsky Av., 42, 109316 Moscow, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2021.10.020","article-title":"Studying the effect of the scanned objects\u2019 location on material discrimination in a dual-energy cargo inspection system","volume":"510","author":"Ghaebi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl. 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