{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:03:50Z","timestamp":1771484630037,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperthermia is a promising medical treatment that uses controlled heat to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Unlike conventional methods, it offers reduced risks of infection and shorter recovery periods. This study focuses on the integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the blood to enable precise heat transfer to tumors. The central idea is that by adjusting the concentration, shape, and size of CNTs, as well as the strength of an external magnetic field, heat transfer can be controlled for targeted treatment. A theoretical model is developed to analyze laminar natural convection within a simplified rectangular porous enclosure resembling a tumor, considering the composition of blood, and the geometric characteristics of CNTs, including the interfacial nanolayer thickness. Using an asymptotic expansion method, ordinary differential equations for mass, momentum, and energy balances are derived and solved. Results show that increasing CNT concentration decelerates fluid flow and reduces heat transfer efficiency, while elongated CNTs and thicker nanolayers enhance conduction over convection, to the detriment of heat transfer. Finally, increased tissue permeability\u2014characteristic of cancerous tumors\u2014significantly impacts heat transfer. In conclusion, although the model simplifies real tumor geometries and treatment conditions, it provides valuable theoretical insights into hyperthermia and nanofluid applications for cancer therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13030062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T09:04:49Z","timestamp":1740992689000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nickolas D.","family":"Polychronopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1592-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Karvelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-5166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lefteris","family":"Benos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre of Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Thanasis D.","family":"Papathanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Sarris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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