{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:30:43Z","timestamp":1775788243413,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University","award":["MSIU-DDRSP2502)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSIU-DDRSP2502)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coastal erosion and sediment transport dynamics in Iraq\u2019s shoreline are increasingly affected by extreme climate conditions, including rising sea levels and intensified storms. This study introduces a novel fractional-order sediment transport model, incorporating a modified gamma function-based differential operator to accurately describe erosion rates and stabilization effects. The proposed model evaluates two key stabilization approaches: artificial stabilization (breakwaters and artificial reefs) and bio-engineering solutions (coral reefs, sea-grass, and salt marshes). Numerical simulations reveal that the proposed structures provide moderate sediment retention but degrade over time, leading to diminishing effectiveness. In contrast, bio-engineering solutions demonstrate higher long-term resilience, as natural ecosystems self-repair and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Under extreme climate scenarios, enhanced bio-engineering retains 55% more sediment than no intervention, compared to 35% retention with artificial stabilization.The findings highlight the potential of hybrid coastal protection strategies combining artificial and bio-based stabilization. Future work includes optimizing intervention designs, incorporating localized field data from Iraq\u2019s coastal zones, and assessing cost-effectiveness for large-scale implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13050104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T04:25:50Z","timestamp":1745814350000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fractional-Order Modeling of Sediment Transport and Coastal Erosion Mitigation in Shorelines Under Extreme Climate Conditions: A Case Study in Iraq"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibtisam","family":"Aldawish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, IMSIU (Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9341-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabha W.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahy, B., Al-Memari, M., Al-Gergawi, A., and Burt, J.A. 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