{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:30:14Z","timestamp":1760059814720,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a multi-objective optimization procedure with embedded topology optimization was presented. The procedure simultaneously optimizes the spatial arrangement and topology of bodies in a multi-body system. The multi-objective algorithm determines the locations of supports, joints, active loads, reactions, and load magnitudes, which serve as inputs for the topology optimization of each body. The multi-objective algorithm dynamically adjusts domain size, support locations, and load magnitudes during optimization. Due to repeated topology optimization calls within the genetic algorithm, the computational cost is significant. To address this, two reduction strategies are proposed: (I) using a coarser mesh and (II) reducing the number of iterations during the initial generations. As optimization progresses, Strategy I gradually refines the mesh, while Strategy II increases the maximum allowable iteration count. The effectiveness of both strategies is evaluated against a baseline (Reference) without reductions. By the 25th generation, all approaches achieve similar hypervolume values (Reference: 2.181; I: 2.112; II: 2.133). The computation time is substantially reduced (Reference: 42,226 s; I: 16,814 s; II: 21,674 s), demonstrating that both strategies effectively accelerate optimization without compromising solution quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13070168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:26:53Z","timestamp":1752229613000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Simultaneous Multi-Objective and Topology Optimization: Effect of Mesh Refinement and Number of Iterations on Computational Cost"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8813-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Miler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9842-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matija","family":"Hoi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4659-0048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf","family":"Tomi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Joki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0091-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Ma\u0161ovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bends\u00f8e, M.P., and Sigmund, O. 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