{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:49:48Z","timestamp":1761677388990,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Practical applications such as solar power energy systems, electronic cooling, and the convective drying of vented enclosures require continuous developments to enhance fluid and heat flow. Numerous studies have investigated the enhancement of heat transfer in L-formed vented cavities by inserting heat-generating components, filling the cavity with nanofluids, providing an inner rotating cylinder and a phase-change packed system, etc. Contemporary work has examined the thermal performance of L-shaped porous vented enclosures, which can be augmented by using metal foam, using nanofluids as a saturated fluid, and increasing the wall surface area by corrugating the cavity\u2019s heating wall. These features are not discussed in published articles, and their exploration can be considered a novelty point in this work. In this study, a vented cavity was occupied by a copper metal foam with PPI=10 and saturated with a copper\u2013water nanofluid. The cavity walls were well insulated except for the left wall, which was kept at a hot isothermal temperature and was either non-corrugated or corrugated with rectangular waves. The Darcy\u2013Brinkman\u2013Forchheimer model and local thermal non-equilibrium models were adopted in momentum and energy-governing equations and solved numerically by utilizing commercial software. The influences of various effective parameters, including the Reynolds number (20\u2264Re\u22641000), the nanoparticle volume fraction (0%\u2264\u03c6\u226420%), the inflow and outflow vent aspect ratios (0.1\u2264D\/H\u22640.4), the rectangular wave corrugation number (N=5 and N=10), and the corrugation dimension ratio (CR=1 and CR=0.5) were determined. The results indicate that the flow field and heat transfer were affected mainly by variations in Re, D\/H, and \u03c6 for a non-corrugated left wall; they were additionally influenced by N and CR when the wall was corrugated. The fluid- and solid-phase temperatures of the metal foam increased with an increase in Re and D\/H. The fluid-phase Nusselt number near the hot left sidewall increased with an increase in \u03c6 by 25\u201360%, while the solid-phase Nusselt number decreased by 10\u201330%, and these numbers rose by around 3.5 times when the Reynolds number increased from 20 to 1000. For the corrugated hot wall, the Nusselt numbers of the two metal foam phases increased with an increase in Re and decreased with an increase in D\/H, CR, or N by 10%, 19%, and 37%. The original aspect of this study is its use of a thermal, non-equilibrium, nanofluid-saturated metal foam in a corrugated L-shaped vented cavity. We aimed to investigate the thermal performance of this system in order to reinforce the viability of applying this material in thermal engineering systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13090218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1757318792000},"page":"218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Heated Wall Corrugation on Thermal Performance in an L-Shaped Vented Cavity Crossed by Metal Foam Saturated with Copper\u2013Water Nanofluid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9183-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luma F.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussein","family":"Togun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thi-Qar Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah 61001, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0654-7774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdellatif M.","family":"Sadeq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.10.033","article-title":"Forced Convection in a Square Cavity with Inlet and Outlet Ports","volume":"49","author":"Saeidi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2010.04.004","article-title":"Effect of Inlet and Outlet Location on the Mixed Convective Cooling inside the Ventilated Cavity Subjected to an External Nanofluid","volume":"37","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Commun. 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