{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:40:01Z","timestamp":1760071201282,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In avian biology, the radius of curvature, or R, has hardly ever been used to study the mechanics of birds\u2019 egg shape formation. However, it is essential for introducing important details about the form, function, and performance of an object, which is useful in biomedicine, manufacturing, and precision design. In order to determine a possible biological mechanism and the location of load application that creates the distinctive asymmetric egg shape in nature, the goal of this study was to develop a formula for computing R at any point over an egg contour. We derived a relatively simple means of computing R and identified the location that muscular compression is carried out to give the egg its characteristic form. This location (x\/L), the angle (\u03b1) of compression and the relative magnitude of the load proportional to R can help identify a specific section of the oviduct and the squeezing muscle involved. Novel equations for computing R, x\/L and \u03b1 were proposed, based on standard geometric parameters. Our findings demonstrate how the theoretical knowledge of physical, mechanical and mathematical processes can contribute to the solution of biological problems and resonates with the fields of egg-inspired engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13100232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:20:38Z","timestamp":1759332038000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computation of the Radius of Curvature R in Any Avian Egg and Identification of the Location of Potential Load Application That Forms Its Unique Asymmetric Shape: A Theoretical Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6799-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeriy G.","family":"Narushin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Soborny Prospekt 145-B, 69035 Zaporizhya, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-4644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael N.","family":"Romanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK"},{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7595-3226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren K.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK"},{"name":"Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-025-08469-0","article-title":"Design of a measurement system for the radius of curvature, thickness, and refractive index of spherical transparent materials","volume":"131","author":"Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. 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