{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T12:17:52Z","timestamp":1762258672234,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a statistically grounded algorithm for surface imaging with linear frequency-modulated continuous wave synthetic aperture radar. The approach is based on the maximum likelihood principle, where solving the optimization problem naturally leads to the introduction of a spectral decorrelation filter. The proposed method increases the effective number of statistically independent samples, reduces speckle, and improves the accuracy of radar cross section estimation. Simulation experiments demonstrate consistent advantages over classical SAR processing: the proposed method achieves up to a 21% improvement in feature similarity metrics and an average 4% improvement across standard quantitative image quality measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13110259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1762254676000},"page":"259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Statistical Synthesis and Analysis of Optimal Radar Imaging Algorithm for LFM-CW SAR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6847-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danyil","family":"Kovalchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Scientific and Research Institute of Cybersecurity Technologies and Information Protection, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-8988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Semen","family":"Zhyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Scientific and Research Institute of Cybersecurity Technologies and Information Protection, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Trofymenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, 03110 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6118-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmytro","family":"Vlasenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Scientific and Research Institute of Cybersecurity Technologies and Information Protection, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Ihor","family":"Prokofiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Radio-Electronic Systems Department, National Aerospace University \u201cKharkiv Aviation Institute\u201d, 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Oleksii","family":"Kosolapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Radio-Electronic Systems Department, National Aerospace University \u201cKharkiv Aviation Institute\u201d, 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Maksym","family":"Vonsovych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Scientific and Research Institute of Cybersecurity Technologies and Information Protection, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106735","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3437653","article-title":"Synthetic Aperture Radar Aboard an Unmanned Aerial System for Detecting Foreign Object Debris on Airport Runways","volume":"12","author":"Miccinesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polar.2022.100900","article-title":"Bringing SAR Capability to a Safer Ice Navigation during Indian Antarctic Expedition in Near Real-Time Mode","volume":"34","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polar Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"104226","article-title":"Simulating SAR Constellations Systems for Rapid Damage Mapping in Urban Areas: Case Study of the 2023 Turkey-Syria Earthquake","volume":"134","author":"Vitale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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