{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T16:03:24Z","timestamp":1763395404666,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Universal Health Coverage (UHC) remains a core Sustainable Development Goal challenge for Arab nations, with structural inequalities and conflict ongoing in threatening equal access to health. Although literature concurs on the presence of a relationship between UHC and financial inclusion, contextual mechanisms underpinning this relationship remain poorly understood. This study offers an integrated Explainable AI (XAI)\u2013Econometric methodology to unveil how financial inclusion\u2014through digital as well as physical channels for services\u2014drives UHC progress in 17 Arab nations (2011\u20132022). With the use of Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), and Random Forest regression with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values, we estimate both average causal and heterogeneous contextual effects. The combined model increases predictive strength by 18% over conventional econometric baselines (R2 = 0.83), while the SHAP results identified top predicators. The findings suggest that ATM density and electricity access remain the overriding drivers of UHC whereas digital financial services play a role only with the complement of strong public health expenditures. The diagnostic result allows policymakers to designate country-specific challenges and prioritize joint investments in infrastructure and inclusive finance. While data constraints in conflict settings need cautious interpretation, the proposed XAI\u2013econometric strategy supplies a replicable methodology template for contextualized SDG diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13110269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T15:38:09Z","timestamp":1763393889000},"page":"269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Correlation: An Explainable AI Framework for Diagnosing the Contextual Drivers of Financial Inclusion on Universal Health Coverage in the Arab World"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1531-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Mhd","family":"Nazha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials, Technologies and Mechanics, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universit\u00e4tsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2027-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mhd Ayham","family":"Darwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus P.O. Box 101, Syria"}]},{"given":"Masah","family":"Alomari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hospitals Management, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus P.O. Box 101, Syria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/25166026231214334","article-title":"Good Health and Well-Being in Asian Arab Countries: Some Critical Observations","volume":"5","author":"Islam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Community Soc. 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