{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T05:20:32Z","timestamp":1765516832335,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["51375314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51375314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the challenges of interdependent design parameters and reliance on empirical trial-and-error in ultrasonic cell levitation culture devices, this study proposes a top-down design framework integrating multi-physics modeling with complex network analysis. First, acoustic field simulations optimize transducer arrangement and define the cell manipulation field, establishing the Top-level Basic Structure (TBS). A skeleton model of the acoustofluidic coupled field is constructed based on the TBS. Core parameters are then determined by refining the TBS through multi-physics analysis. Second, a 24-node design change propagation network is constructed. Leveraging the TBS model coupled with multi-physics fields, a directed network model analyzes parameter interactions. The HITS algorithm is applied to prioritize the design sequence based on authority and hub scores, resolving parameter conflicts. Experimental validation demonstrates a device acoustic pressure of 1.3 \u00d7 104 Pa, stable cell levitation within the focused acoustic field, and a 40% reduction in design cycle time compared to traditional methods. This framework systematically sequences parameters, effectively determines the design order, enhances design efficiency, and significantly reduces dependence on empirical trial-and-error. It provides a novel approach for developing high-throughput organoid culture equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation13120291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T14:22:40Z","timestamp":1765376560000},"page":"291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Top-Down Optimization of a Multi-Physics TBS Model via Design-Change Propagation Network for Acoustic Levitation Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9943-6565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}]},{"given":"Fujia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035025","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ab9582","article-title":"Trap cell spheroids and organoids using digital acoustofluidics","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, G., Jeong, S., and Kang, Y.J. 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