{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:32:04Z","timestamp":1768825924484,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/J009687\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/J009687\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000287","name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review article, we discuss the current state of computational modelling of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u039aB) signalling pathway. NF-\u039aB is a transcription factor, which is ubiquitous within cells and controls a number of immune responses, including inflammation and apoptosis. The NF-\u039aB signalling pathway is tightly regulated, commencing with activation at the cell membrane, signal transduction through various components within the cytoplasm, translocation of NF-\u039aB into the nucleus and, finally, the transcription of various genes relating to the innate and adaptive immune responses. There have been a number of computational (mathematical) models developed of the signalling pathway over the past decade. This review describes how these approaches have helped advance our understanding of NF-\u039aB control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation2040131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T11:16:45Z","timestamp":1411989405000},"page":"131-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Computational Models of the NF-KB Signalling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6333-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5GH, UK"},{"name":"York Computational Immunology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Management Science, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, LA1 4YX, UK"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Timmis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Computational Immunology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Qwarnstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Science, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5400.381","article-title":"Emergent properties of networks of biological signaling pathways","volume":"283","author":"Bhalla","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/43199","article-title":"Robustness in simple biochemical networks","volume":"387","author":"Barkai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069492","article-title":"Systems biology: A brief overview","volume":"295","author":"Kitano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078563","article-title":"Life\u2019s complexity pyramid","volume":"298","author":"Oltvai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/2.3.258","article-title":"Systems biology: The reincarnation of systems theory applied in biology?","volume":"2","author":"Wolkenhauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brief. 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