{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:22:55Z","timestamp":1760242975678,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phylogenetic (tree-based) approaches to understanding evolutionary history are unable to incorporate convergent evolutionary events where two genes merge into one. In this study, as exemplars of what can be achieved when a tree is not assumed a priori, we have analysed the evolutionary histories of polyketide synthase genes and antibiotic resistance genes and have shown that their history is replete with convergent events as well as divergent events. We demonstrate that the overall histories of these genes more closely resembles the remodelling that might be seen with the children\u2019s toy Lego, than the standard model of the phylogenetic tree. This work demonstrates further that genes can act as public goods, available for re-use and incorporation into other genetic goods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation3020114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T12:08:06Z","timestamp":1427371686000},"page":"114-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evolution by Pervasive Gene Fusion in Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Synthesizing Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Orla","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"McGoldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Niamh","family":"Rudden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"}]},{"given":"James","family":"McInerney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.07.001","article-title":"Phylogenomic networks","volume":"19","author":"Dagan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Darwin, C. (1859). 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