{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:34:37Z","timestamp":1762176877160,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We reassess a method for increasing the computational accuracy of lattice Boltzmann schemes by a simple transformation of the distribution function originally proposed by Skordos which was found to give a marginal increase in accuracy in the original paper. We restate the method and give further important implementation considerations which were missed in the original work and show that this method can in fact enhance the precision of velocity field calculations by orders of magnitude and does not lose accuracy when velocities are small, unlike the usual LB approach. The analysis is framed within the multiple-relaxation-time method for porous media flows, however the approach extends directly to other lattice Boltzmann schemes. First, we compute the flow between parallel plates and compare the error from the analytical profile for the traditional approach and the transformed scheme using single (4-byte) and double (8-byte) precision. Then we compute the flow inside a complex-structured porous medium and show that the traditional approach using single precision leads to large, systematic errors compared to double precision, whereas the transformed approach avoids this issue whilst maintaining all the computational efficiency benefits of using single precision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation4010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T22:19:47Z","timestamp":1455833987000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Enhancing Computational Precision for Lattice Boltzmann Schemes in Porous Media Flows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Farrel","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre (QCCSRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edo","family":"Boek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre (QCCSRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6811","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.56.6811","article-title":"Theory of the lattice Boltzmann method: From the Boltzmann equation to the lattice Boltzmann equation","volume":"56","author":"He","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sukop, M.C., and Thorne, D.T. (2007). Lattice Boltzmann Modeling: An Introduction for Geoscientists and Engineers, Springer Publishing Company.","key":"ref_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27982-2"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-009-9443-9","article-title":"Pore Scale Modeling of Reactive Transport Involved in Geologic CO2 Sequestration","volume":"82","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transp. Porous Media"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043309","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.92.043309","article-title":"Entropic Multi-Relaxation Models for Turbulent Flows","volume":"92","author":"Chikatamarla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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Phys."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2013.77.12","article-title":"Multi-scale imaging and simulation of structure, flow and reactive transport for CO2 storage and EOR in carbonate reservoirs","volume":"77","author":"Crawshaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Mineral. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8531","DOI":"10.1002\/2013WR013877","article-title":"Quantitative determination of molecular propagator distributions for solute transport in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media using lattice Boltzmann simulations","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2012.03.003","article-title":"Pore-scale imaging and modelling","volume":"51","author":"Blunt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02181482","article-title":"Analytic solutions of simple flows and analysis of nonslip boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann BGK model","volume":"87","author":"He","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Stat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2001.0955","article-title":"Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann models in three dimensions","volume":"360","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6546","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.61.6546","article-title":"Theory of the lattice Boltzmann method: Dispersion, dissipation, isotropy, Galilean invariance, and stability","volume":"61","author":"Lallemand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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Fluid Dyn."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, B., and Feng, Y. (2015). Effect of image scaling and segmentation in digital rock characterisation. Comput. Part. Mech.","key":"ref_22","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-015-0077-0"}],"container-title":["Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-3197\/4\/1\/11\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:19:17Z","timestamp":1760210357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-3197\/4\/1\/11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["computation4010011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computation4010011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-3197"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-3197"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]}}}