{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:56:42Z","timestamp":1760241402071,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recently modified Pascal function is further exploited in this paper in the design of passive analog filters. The Pascal approximation has non-equiripple magnitude, in contrast of the most well-known approximations, such as the Chebyshev approximation. A novelty of this work is the introduction of a precise method that calculates the coefficients of the Pascal function. Two examples are presented for the passive design to illustrate the advantages and the disadvantages of the Pascal approximation. Moreover, the values of the passive elements can be taken from tables, which are created to define the normalized values of these elements for the Pascal approximation, as Zverev had done for the Chebyshev, Elliptic, and other approximations. Although Pascal approximation can be implemented to both passive and active filter designs, a passive filter design is addressed in this paper, and the benefits and shortcomings of Pascal approximation are presented and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation6010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T07:01:42Z","timestamp":1518591702000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Coefficients Calculation in Pascal Approximation for Passive Filter Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Kasapoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Informatics and Telecommunication Panepistimiopolis, Ilisia, 15784 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0029-1410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Karagianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Naval Academy, Hatzikyriakou Ave., 18539 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fafalios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Naval Academy, Hatzikyriakou Ave., 18539 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Koukos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Naval Academy, Hatzikyriakou Ave., 18539 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2008.925374","article-title":"Pascal Filters","volume":"55","author":"Goodman","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimopoulos, H.G. (2012). Analog Electronic Filters Theory, Design and Synthesis, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2190-6"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.1794","article-title":"Even-Order passive filters: Pascal versus Chebyshev","volume":"41","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.711","article-title":"The modified Pascal polynomial approximation and filter design method","volume":"40","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Kasapoglou, G. (2017). Design and Implementation of a Bandpass Filter for Microwave Frequencies by the Pascal Approximation. [Master\u2019s Thesis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]. (In Greek)."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Sedra, A.S., and Bracket, P.O. (1978). Filter Theory and Design: Active and Passive, Pitman."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Blinchkoff, H.J., and Zverev, A.I. (1986). Filtering in the Time and Frequency Domains, Noble Publishing Associates."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Schaumann, R., and Van Valkenburg, M.E. (2001). Design of Analog Filters, Oxford University Press."}],"container-title":["Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-3197\/6\/1\/18\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:55:08Z","timestamp":1760194508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-3197\/6\/1\/18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["computation6010018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computation6010018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-3197"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-3197"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]}}}