{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:02:06Z","timestamp":1787918526584,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":284,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The re-kindled fascination in machine learning (ML), observed over the last few decades, has also percolated into natural sciences and engineering. ML algorithms are now used in scientific computing, as well as in data-mining and processing. In this paper, we provide a review of the state-of-the-art in ML for computational science and engineering. We discuss ways of using ML to speed up or improve the quality of simulation techniques such as computational fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics, and structural analysis. We explore the ability of ML to produce computationally efficient surrogate models of physical applications that circumvent the need for the more expensive simulation techniques entirely. We also discuss how ML can be used to process large amounts of data, using as examples many different scientific fields, such as engineering, medicine, astronomy and computing. Finally, we review how ML has been used to create more realistic and responsive virtual reality applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computation8010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1583240783000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Machine-Learning Methods for Computational Science and Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Drikakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence and Security Research Institute, University of Nicosia, CY-2417 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4195-843X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis","family":"Charissis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1137\/40\/10\/100001","article-title":"Review of particle physics","volume":"40","author":"Patrignani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. 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