{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:54:00Z","timestamp":1765356840803,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004919","name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5-20-01-007-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-20-01-007-0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accurate detection of abnormalities in medical images (like X-ray and CT scans) is a challenging problem due to images\u2019 blurred boundary contours, different sizes, variable shapes, and uneven density. In this paper, we tackle this problem via a new effective online variational learning model for both mixtures of finite and infinite Gamma distributions. The proposed approach takes advantage of the Gamma distribution flexibility, the online learning scalability, and the variational inference efficiency. Three different batch and online learning methods based on robust texture-based feature extraction are proposed. Our work is evaluated and validated on several real challenging data sets for different kinds of pneumonia infection detection. The obtained results are very promising given that we approach the classification problem in an unsupervised manner. They also confirm the superiority of the Gamma mixture model compared to the Gaussian mixture model for medical images\u2019 classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers10010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T20:04:58Z","timestamp":1609099498000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Online Learning of Finite and Infinite Gamma Mixture Models for COVID-19 Detection in Medical Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1581-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassen","family":"Sallay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm AlQura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6638-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"Bourouis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nizar","family":"Bouguila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1T7, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2048","article-title":"Online Learning of Hierarchical Pitman-Yor Process Mixture of Generalized Dirichlet Distributions With Feature Selection","volume":"28","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. 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