{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:18:12Z","timestamp":1775816292922,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16DHB2131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16DHB2131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>360\u00b0 models are a form of virtual reality (VR) that allow the viewer to view and explore a photorealistic object from multiple locations within the model. Hence, 360\u00b0 models are an option to perform virtual field trips (VFT) independent of time and location. Thanks to recent technical progress, 360\u00b0 models are creatable with little effort. Due to their characteristics of visualization and explorability, 360\u00b0 models appear as excellent learning tools, especially when additional didactic features, such as annotations, are used. The subject of this explorative field study is a 360\u00b0 model of a waterworks that has been annotated for learning purposes. Data are collected from a total of 55 learners in four cohorts from study programs in environmental engineering and urban studies using a questionnaire that included standardized measurement instruments on motivation, emotion, and usability. Furthermore, the eight learners of cohort 1 are surveyed using semi-structured interviews on learning, operation and features of the 360\u00b0 model. Overall, a very positive view on learning suitability of 360\u00b0 models in VFTs is revealed. In addition, further potential for development of the 360\u00b0 model could be identified. The results indicate that VTFs based on 360\u00b0 models might be valuable learning tools, because of their applicability without great effort on the part of either the lecturers or the students. VFTs based on 360\u00b0 models might serve as a supplement to conventional learning activities or in self-directed learning activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers10090118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T07:52:14Z","timestamp":1632124334000},"page":"118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["360\u00b0-Based Virtual Field Trips to Waterworks in Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bauhaus-Institute for Infrastructure Solutions (b.is), Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar, Goetheplatz 7\/8, 99423 Weimar, Germany"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Wehking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bauhaus-Institute for Infrastructure Solutions (b.is), Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar, Goetheplatz 7\/8, 99423 Weimar, Germany"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Montag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of General Human Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Osterburger Stra\u00dfe 25, 39576 Stendal, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0105-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinrich","family":"S\u00f6bke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bauhaus-Institute for Infrastructure Solutions (b.is), Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar, Goetheplatz 7\/8, 99423 Weimar, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2151-6952.1997.tb01304.x","article-title":"School Field Trips: Assessing Their Long-Term Impact","volume":"40","author":"Falk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curator Mus. 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