{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T17:30:51Z","timestamp":1779125451961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["814917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["814917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we demonstrate the multiple points of innovation when combining blockchain technology with Internet of Things (IoT) and security frameworks. The deployment and use of IoT device networks in smart city environments has produced an enormous amount of data. The fact that those data are possessed by multiple sources that use independent systems for data collection, storage, and use impedes the exploitation of their value. Blockchains, as distributed ledgers, can be used for addressing the development of a universal system for data collection and distribution. Smart contracts can be used to automate all the processes of such a network, while at the same time, blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) protect sensitive data through anonymity and distributed storage. An innovative and open IoT blockchain market of applications, data, and services is proposed that: (i) provides the framework upon which objects and people can exchange value in form of virtual currencies, for assets (data and services) received; (ii) defines the motivation incentives according to social and business context for humans and smart objects to interact. The specific marketplace is piloted through a cross-border trial between Santander and Fujisawa, in the context of the M-Sec project, validating thus the interoperability, efficiency, and data protection principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers10100133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T23:13:32Z","timestamp":1634512412000},"page":"133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Combining Blockchains, Smart Contracts, and Complex Sensors Management Platform for Hyper-Connected SmartCities: An IoT Data Marketplace Use Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-1416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Palaiokrassas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9261-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros","family":"Skoufis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orfefs","family":"Voutyras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Endo, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Gallissot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Information Technology Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DSYS, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radhouene","family":"Azzabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA, CEA Tech en Occitanie, 51 Rue de l\u2019Innovation, F-31670 Lab\u00e8ge, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Tsuge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Endo, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7658-2559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Litke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Okoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Endo, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Endo, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Varvarigou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gener. 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