{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:03:04Z","timestamp":1760151784122,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current ERPs are still limited by cost, customization, implementation time, and interoperability with other systems. Even if cloud-based ERPs attempt to overcome these limits, they do not completely answer all of them. Based on that postulate about recent ERPs, a conceptual architecture, technical architecture, and implementation architecture of an Enterprise Operating System (EOS) have been designed and proposed to address the services and functionality needed by Enterprise 4.0. This conceptual architecture describes the essential functions required in the EOS, while the technical architecture shows how these tasks cooperate to achieve the mission of the EOS. Among some implementation architectures proposed that benefited from the innovation and concept of the EOS, GreneOS has proposed a technical architecture motivated by EOS concepts. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current interest, complementarity, and limitation of both the EOS conceptual architecture and its implementation into GreneOS to propose perspectives for the future developments of the EOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers11120171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T01:42:02Z","timestamp":1669686122000},"page":"171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving ERPs Integration in Organization: An EOS-Based GreneOS Implementation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Rahme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Masimukku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grene Robotics, Hyderabad 500033, Telangana, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8610-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Daclin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques (LSR), Institut Mines-Telecom, IMT Mines Ales, CEDEX, 30319 Al\u00e8s, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Zacharewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Sciences des Risques (LSR), Institut Mines-Telecom, IMT Mines Ales, CEDEX, 30319 Al\u00e8s, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1378957","article-title":"EOS: Enterprise Operating Systems","volume":"56","author":"Youssef","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Youssef, J.R., Chen, D., Zacharewicz, G., and Zhiying, T. (2016, January 26\u201328). Developing and Enterprise Operating System (EOS) with the Federated Interoperability Approach. Proceedings of the I3M\u201916\u2014International Multidisciplinary Modeling Simulation Multiconference, Larnaca, Cyprus."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youssef, J.R., Zacharewicz, G., and Chen, D. (2016, January 13\u201315). Developing an Enterprise Operating System (EOS)\u2014Requirements and Architecture. Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises\u2014WETICE-2016, Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/WETICE.2016.36"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Burnson, F. (2015). Enterprise Resource Planning Software\u2014Buyer Report, Software Advice\u2122."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, N., Naveed, Q.N., and Hoda, N. (2018, January 22\u201323). Strategy and Procedures for Migration to the Cloud Computing 2018. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 5th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETAS.2018.8629101"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.02.050","article-title":"Customer relationship management and its impact on innovation: A Literature Review","volume":"129","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, S., Gable, G., Smythe, E., and Timbrell, G.A. (2000, January 10\u201313). Delphi Examination of Public Sector ERP Implementation Issues. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia.","DOI":"10.3166\/jds.10.29-48"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Connecza (2022, September 27). ERP Solution for Educational Organizations|Institutional ERP System. Available online: https:\/\/www.wattpad.com\/amp\/380694632."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Shankararaman, V., and Kit, L.E. (2013, January 15\u201317). Integration of Social Media Technologies with ERP: A Prototype Implementation. Proceedings of the AMCIS 2013, Chicago, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"IEEE (2022, September 27). IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation\u2013Application Protocols. Available online: https:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/ieee\/1278.1\/4949\/."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"584","article-title":"Literature Review Determination of Planning and Organization in Educational Institutions: Analysis of Leadership and Organizational Culture","volume":"3","author":"Fitriyani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dinasti Int. J. Digit. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC (2022, September 27). ISO\/IEC 10746:2009, Information Technology\u2014Open Distributed Processing\u2014Reference Model: Architecture. Available online: https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/55724.html."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Chen, D., Youssef, J.R., and Zacharewicz, G. (2015, January 27). Towards an Enterprise Operating System\u2014Requirements for Standardisation. Proceedings of the IWEI Workshops, N\u00eemes, France."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Fujimoto, R. (1997, January 9\u201310). The High Level Architecture: Introduction. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real Time Applications, Eilat, Israel."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salinesi, C., and Pastor, \u00d3. (2011, January 20\u201324). Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Proceedings of the CAiSE 2011 International Workshops, London, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22056-2"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSPM.2016.082907","article-title":"SLMToolBox: Enterprise service process modelling and simulation by coupling DEVS and services workflow","volume":"11","author":"Zacharewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Simul. Process Model."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"CEITON (2022, September 27). \u201cFront-End and Back-End EAI\u201d, CEITON Technologies. Wikipedia. Available online: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enterprise_application_integration."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youssef, J., and Zacharewicz, G. (2019, January 8\u201311). Enterprise Operating System (EOS) in Action: Distributed Simulation of Enterprise Activities and Operations. Proceedings of the 2019 Winter Simulation Conference, National Harbor, MD, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC40007.2019.9004958"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Portico (2022, September 27). Portico Space: www.porticoproject.org. Available online: https:\/\/portico.space\/youre-the-architect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2015.07.002","article-title":"Challenges and current developments for sensing, smart and sustainable enterprise systems","volume":"79","author":"Weichhart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Tu, Z. (2022, September 27). Federated Approach for Enterprise Interoperability: A Reversible Model Driven and HLA Based Methodology. Available online: https:\/\/www.theses.fr\/2012BOR14673."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Pokorny, T. (2022, September 27). Portico. Available online: https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/portico\/?source=recommended."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Youssef, J.R., Chen, D., and Zacharewicz, G. (2017, January 21\u201323). Developing and Enterprise Operating System (EOS)-State of the Art. Proceedings of the ICE\/IEEE\u201917\u2014International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation, Antalya, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Zacharewicz, G., Chen, D., and Vallespir, B. (2008, January 16\u201319). HLA Supported Federation Oriented Enterprise Interoperability, Application to Aerospace Enterprises. Proceedings of the 2008 EURO International Simulation Multi-Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2229156.2229157","article-title":"Process mining: Overview and opportunities","volume":"3","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.444.0781","article-title":"The enterprise service bus: Making service-oriented architecture real","volume":"44","author":"Schmidt","year":"2005","journal-title":"IBM Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.35784\/jcsi.2410","article-title":"Comparative analysis of tools for the integration of IT systems","volume":"18","author":"Shkuta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Inst."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31180","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2972195","article-title":"Research Trends in Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) Applications: A Systematic Mapping Study","volume":"8","author":"Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Turner, K.J. (2012). Advances in Home Care Technologies, Results of the MATCH Project, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zurawski, R. (2004). The Industrial Information Technology Handbook, CRC Press Book.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036336"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D., and Daclin, N. (2006). Framework for Enterprise Interoperability. Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470612200.ch6"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"164","article-title":"Enterprise integration using Service-Oriented Architecture","volume":"22","author":"Grant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Issues Inf. Syst."}],"container-title":["Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/11\/12\/171\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:47Z","timestamp":1760146127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/11\/12\/171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["computers11120171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers11120171","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-431X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-431X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]}}}