{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:27:38Z","timestamp":1762079258759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Philadelphia University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The way that education is delivered changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic to be completely online in many countries for many institutions. Despite the fact that they are not online teaching platforms, virtual meeting platforms were utilized to deal with this transformation. One of the platforms Philadelphia University utilized for the unplanned shift to online teaching was Microsoft Teams. This paper examines how heuristic evaluation may be used to guide the evaluation of online meeting platforms for teaching and focuses on the use of heuristic evaluation to assess the level of usability of Microsoft Teams. The level of Zoom\u2019s usability is also evaluated using heuristic evaluation in order to compare it to that of Microsoft Teams and to assess Microsoft Teams\u2019 overall usability in comparison to other platforms being used for the same purpose. Microsoft Teams was identified as having a few issues that need to be addressed. Additionally, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to Microsoft Teams\u2019 usability were assessed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers11120175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:56:26Z","timestamp":1670208986000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Heuristic Evaluation of Microsoft Teams as an Online Teaching Platform: An Educators\u2019 Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4670-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamis","family":"Al-Qora\u2019n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Software Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar Al Sheik","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Software Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6889-0781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, September 04). WHO Timeline\u2014COVID-19, March 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/27-04-2020-who-timeline-covid-19."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3200\/JOEB.84.2.101-109","article-title":"New benchmarks in higher education: Student engagement in online learning","volume":"84","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Educ. Bus."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, J., and Molich, R. (1990, January 1\u20135). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/97243.97281"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (1998). Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs)-Part 11: Guidance on Usability, International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2022, January 26). IEEE Brand Experience. Introduction to Web Usability and Accessibility. IEEE Brand Experience. Available online: https:\/\/brand-experience.ieee.org\/resources\/usability\/."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Interaction Design Foundation (2022, January 26). What Is Usability? The Interaction Design Foundation, UX Courses. Available online: https:\/\/www.interaction-design.org\/literature\/topics\/usability."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. (2022, January 26). Usability 101: Introduction to Usability. Nielsen Norman Group, 3 January 2012. Available online: https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/usability-101-introduction-to-usability\/."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Barnum, C.M. (2020). Usability Testing Essentials: Ready, Set\u2026Test!, Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3991\/ijep.v12i1.25295","article-title":"A Cognitive Style Based Framework for Usability Evaluation of Online Lecturing Platforms-A Case Study on Zoom and Teams","volume":"12","author":"Ismail","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Pedagog."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2017.03.009","article-title":"How to develop usability heuristics: A systematic literature review","volume":"53","author":"Rusu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Stand. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2022, February 04). Usability Evaluation Methods|Usability.Gov. Usability.gov, Available online: https:\/\/www.usability.gov\/how-to-and-tools\/methods\/usability-evaluation\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, J., and Robert, M. (1994). Usability Inspection Methods, John Wiley.","DOI":"10.1145\/259963.260531"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. (1994, January 28). Usability inspection methods. Proceedings of the Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/259963.260531"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Interaction Design Foundation (2020, October 27). \u201cWhat Is Heuristic Evaluation?\u201d The Interaction Design Foundation, UX Courses. Available online: www.interaction-design.org\/literature\/topics\/heuristic-evaluation."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. (2022, September 24). 10 Heuristics for User Interface Design. Nielsen Norman Group, Nielsen Norman Group, 24 April 1994. Available online: https:\/\/www.nngroup.com\/articles\/ten-usability-heuristics\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-5438(98)00063-0","article-title":"Predicting Quality in Educational Software: Evaluating for Learning, Usability and the Synergy between Them","volume":"11","author":"Squires","year":"1999","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Albion, P. (1999, January 5\u20138). Heuristic evaluation of educational multimedia: From theory to practice. Proceedings of the ASCILITE 1999: 16th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education: Responding to Diversity, Brisbane, Australia."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brayshaw, M., Gordon, N., Nganji, J., Wen, L., and Butterfield, A. (2014). Investigating heuristic evaluation as a methodology for evaluating pedagogical software: An analysis employing three case studies. International Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07482-5_3"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-005-0050-7","article-title":"Methods for quantitative usability requirements: A case study on the development of the user interface of a mobile phone","volume":"10","author":"Jokela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Spataro, J. (2022, August 26). Microsoft Teams Reaches 13 Million Daily Active Users, Introduces 4 New Ways for Teams to Work Better Together. Microsoft 365 Blog. Available online: https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/microsoft-365\/blog\/2019\/07\/11\/microsoft-teams-reaches-13-million-daily-active-users-introduces-4-new-ways-for-teams-to-work-better-together\/."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Foley, M. (2022, August 21). Microsoft: Teams Now has More Than 270 Million Monthly Active Users. ZDNet. Available online: https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/microsoft-teams-now-has-more-than-270-million-monthly-active-users\/."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.17010\/pijom\/2020\/v13i4\/151825","article-title":"Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the teaching\u2013learning process: A study of higher education teachers","volume":"13","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prabandhan Indian J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 and E-learning: The challenges of students in Tertiary Institutions","volume":"2","author":"Aboagye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bsharat, T.R., and Behak, F. (2020). The impact of Microsoft teams\u2019 app in enhancing teaching-learning English during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) from the English teachers\u2019 perspectives\u2019 in Jenin city. Malays. J. Sci. Health Technol., 7.","DOI":"10.33102\/mjosht.v7io.116"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.17583\/qre.2020.5872","article-title":"Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period","volume":"9","author":"Sari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Educ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abushamleh, H., and Jusoh, S. (2021). Usability Evaluation of Distance Education Tools Used in Jordanian Universities. 2021 Innovation and New Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology Education Conference (IETSEC), IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IETSEC51476.2021.9440491"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105535","article-title":"Perceived usability evaluation of Microsoft Teams as an online learning platform during COVID-19 using system usability scale and technology acceptance model in India","volume":"119","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."}],"container-title":["Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/11\/12\/175\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:33:46Z","timestamp":1760146426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/11\/12\/175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["computers11120175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers11120175","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-431X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-431X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]]}}}