{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:50:08Z","timestamp":1760147408985,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GATE project, funded by the Horizon 2020 WIDESPREAD-2018\u20132020 TEAMING Phase 2 program","award":["857155","BG05M2OP001-1.003-0002-C01","KP-06-N32\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857155","BG05M2OP001-1.003-0002-C01","KP-06-N32\/5"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Science and Education for Smart Growth","award":["857155","BG05M2OP001-1.003-0002-C01","KP-06-N32\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857155","BG05M2OP001-1.003-0002-C01","KP-06-N32\/5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"Bulgarian National Science fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["857155","BG05M2OP001-1.003-0002-C01","KP-06-N32\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857155","BG05M2OP001-1.003-0002-C01","KP-06-N32\/5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, datasets with various factors and indicators of cognitive diseases have been available for clinical research. Although the transformation of information to a particular data model is straightforward, many challenges arise if data from different repositories have to be integrated. Since each data source keeps entities with different names and relationships at different levels of granularity and format, the information can be partially lost or not properly presented. It is therefore important to have a common data model that provides a unified description of different factors and indicators related to cognitive diseases. Thus, in our previous work, we proposed a hierarchical cognitive impairment and dementia data model that keeps the semantics of the data in a human-readable format and accelerates the interoperability of clinical datasets. It defines data entities, their attributes and relationships related to diagnosis and treatment. This paper extends our previous work by evaluating and improving the data model by adapting the methodology proposed by D. Moody and G. Shanks. The completeness, simplicity, correctness and integrity of the data model are assessed and based on the results a new, improved version of the model is generated. The understandability of the improved model is evaluated using an online questionnaire. Simplicity and integrity are also considered as well as the factors that may influence the flexibility of the data model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers12020029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T05:57:23Z","timestamp":1675058243000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Data Model: Quality Evaluation and Improvements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9920-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dessislava","family":"Petrova-Antonova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GATE Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Lazarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GATE Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University \u201cSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201d, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2014.04.001","article-title":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment","volume":"30","author":"Hugo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, November 04). Dementia Factsheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-171037","article-title":"Aging without Dementia is Achievable: Current Evidence from Epidemiological Research","volume":"62","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017\u20132025, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/259615."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). Global Status Report on the Public Health Response to Dementia, World Health Organization. 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