{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:10:58Z","timestamp":1773727858877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last few years, the European Union (EU) has placed significant emphasis on the interoperability of critical infrastructures (CIs). One of the main CI transportation infrastructures are ports. The control systems managing such infrastructures are constantly evolving and handle diverse sets of people, data, and processes. Additionally, interdependencies among different infrastructures can lead to discrepancies in data models that propagate and intensify across interconnected systems. This article introduces \u201cBigDaM\u201d, a Big Data Management framework for critical infrastructures. It is a cutting-edge data model that adheres to the latest technological standards and aims to consolidate APIs and services within highly complex CI infrastructures. Our approach takes a bottom-up perspective, treating each service interconnection as an autonomous entity that must align with the proposed common vocabulary and data model. By injecting strict guidelines into the service\/component development\u2019s lifecycle, we explicitly promote interoperability among the services within critical infrastructure ecosystems. This approach facilitates the exchange and reuse of data from a shared repository among developers, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and large vendors. Business challenges have also been taken into account, in order to link the generated data assets of CIs with the business world. The complete framework has been tested in the main EU ports, part of the transportation sector of CIs. Performance evaluation and the aforementioned testing is also being analyzed, highlighting the capabilities of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers12110218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1698399772000},"page":"218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["BigDaM: Efficient Big Data Management and Interoperability Middleware for Seaports as Critical Infrastructures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Nikolakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7767-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Julian Segui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communications, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Val\u00e9ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1541-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreu Belsa","family":"Pellicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communications, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Val\u00e9ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-5011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michalis","family":"Kefalogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT Innovation Center OTE Group, 15124 Marousi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5127-3891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos-Antonios","family":"Gizelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT Innovation Center OTE Group, 15124 Marousi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achilleas","family":"Marinakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT Innovation Center OTE Group, 15124 Marousi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9964-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Nestorakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT Innovation Center OTE Group, 15124 Marousi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Varvarigou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinaldi, S.M. 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