{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T21:55:46Z","timestamp":1784584546170,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2023-0499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2023-0499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bucharest University of Economic Studies","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2023-0499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2023-0499"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we undertake a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the cybernetics research field. We compile a dataset of 4856 papers from the ISI Web of Science database spanning 1975\u20132022, employing keywords related to cybernetics. Our findings reveal an annual growth rate of 7.56% in cybernetics research over this period, indicating sustained scholarly interest. By examining the annual progression of scientific production, we have identified three distinct periods characterized by significant disruptions in yearly publication trends. These disruptions have been thoroughly investigated within the paper, utilizing a longitudinal analysis of thematic evolution. We also identify emerging research trends through keyword analysis. Furthermore, we investigate collaborative networks among authors, their institutional affiliations, and global representation to elucidate the dissemination of cybernetics research. Employing n-gram analysis, we uncover diverse applications of cybernetics in fields such as computer science, information science, social sciences, sustainable development, supply chain, knowledge management, system dynamics, and medicine. The study contributes to enhancing the understanding of the evolving cybernetics landscape. Moreover, the conducted analysis underscores the versatile applicability across various academic and practical domains associated with the cybernetics field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers12110237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T07:11:27Z","timestamp":1700118687000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mapping the Evolution of Cybernetics: A Bibliometric Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Cibu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 0105552 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3589-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia","family":"Delcea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 0105552 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Domenteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 0105552 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Accounting and Audit, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.900671","article-title":"The Future of Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Application Domains and Research Methods","volume":"37","author":"Hipel","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern. C"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1086\/283881","article-title":"The Cybernetic Nature of Ecosystems","volume":"118","author":"Patten","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"554","article-title":"Life, Thermodynamics, and Cybernetics","volume":"37","author":"Brillouin","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(71)90004-6","article-title":"In Search of Processes: The Early History of Cybernetics","volume":"11","author":"Verveen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6563.1982.tb00643.x","article-title":"Cybernetics, History, and Crises: Post-World War II U.S. Foreign Policy","volume":"44","author":"Johnson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Historian"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1108\/K-03-2017-0120","article-title":"Evolution of Cybernetics: Philosophical and Methodological Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Lepskiy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2279167","article-title":"Nonparallel Support Vector Machines for Pattern Classification","volume":"44","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"SX41","DOI":"10.1190\/INT-2014-0283.1","article-title":"Visualization, Interpretation, and Cognitive Cybernetics","volume":"3","author":"Paton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interpretation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3186639","article-title":"Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Considering Driver Uncertainty and Vehicle Dynamics Based on Dynamic Bayesian Network","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widrow, B. (2022, January 8). Cybernetics 2.0. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 21st International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC), Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCICC57084.2022.10101641"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"119","article-title":"Application of cybernetics to the health sciences and its ethical implications","volume":"13","author":"Nna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nnamdi Azikiwe J. Philos."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/10686967.2022.2083035","article-title":"Back to the Future: Cybernetics for Safety, Quality and Cybersecurity","volume":"29","author":"Cernauskas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., and Ji, P. (2022, January 2\u20134). Application of Operational Research and Cybernetics in Intelligent Management System of New Energy Electronic and Electrical Industry. Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Everything (AIE), Lefkosa, Cyprus.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIE57029.2022.00067"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.3043192","article-title":"Systems Science and Engineering Research in the Context of Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Recollection, Trends, and Future Directions","volume":"51","author":"Tunstel","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920210417283","article-title":"What Is Cybernetics?","volume":"31","author":"Beer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2008.08.008","article-title":"Simulation of Multi-Agent Based Cybernetic Transportation System","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2023, September 24). Cybernetic Transportation Systems Design and Development: Simulation Software Cybercars\u2014Inria\u2014Institut National de Recherche En Sciences et Technologies Du Num\u00e9rique. Available online: https:\/\/inria.hal.science\/inria-00126677\/."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.09.029","article-title":"Centralized Fleet Management System for Cybernetic Transportation","volume":"38","author":"Awasthi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Alessandrini, A., and Filippi, F. (2004, January 3\u20136). Ex-Ante Evaluation of Nine Cybernetic Transport Systems. Proceedings of the 7th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE Cat. No. 04TH8749), Washington, WA, USA."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2019.2907279","article-title":"Synchronization of Stochastic Complex Dynamical Networks Subject to Consecutive Packet Dropouts","volume":"51","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/01969729008902227","article-title":"The Science of Cybernetics and the Cybernetics of Science","volume":"21","author":"Umpleby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novikov, D.A. (2016). Cybernetics, Springer International Publishing. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27397-6"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozer, M.N. (2019). A Cybernetic Approach to the Assessment of Children: Toward a More Humane Use of Human Beings, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429051166"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2009.2036151","article-title":"CyberC3: A Prototype Cybernetic Transportation System for Urban Applications","volume":"11","author":"Xia","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-014-9414-6","article-title":"Evolution of Ideas on Management Processes in the Society: From Cybernetics to Evergetics","volume":"24","author":"Vittikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Group Decis. Negot."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000006551","article-title":"System Theory and Cybernetics: A Solid Basis for Transdisciplinarity in Management Education and Research","volume":"30","author":"Schwaninger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/07377366.1989.10401184","article-title":"How Colleges Work: The Cybernetics of Academic Organization and Leadership","volume":"37","author":"Birnbaum","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Contin. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Er\u00e7etin, \u015e.\u015e., and Banerjee, S. (2015). Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2013, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09710-7"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cybernetics Methods in Education","volume":"17","author":"Landa","year":"1977","journal-title":"Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.05.040","article-title":"Cybernetics, Complexity, and the Challenges to the Realization of the Internet-of-Things","volume":"185","author":"Schuck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.120764","article-title":"An Economic Cybernetic Model for Electricity Market Operation Coupled with Physical System Dynamics","volume":"335","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Pangaro, P. (2023, October 09). How Cybernetics Connects Computing, Counterculture, and Design. Available online: https:\/\/pangaro.com\/designconversation\/2015\/10\/how-cybernetics-connects-computing-counterculture-and-design\/."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ligus, J., Zolotova, I., Ligusova, J., and Karch, P. (2012, January 21\u201323). Cybernetic Education Centre: Monitoring and Control of Learner\u2019s e-Learning Study in the Field of Cybernetics and Automation by Coloured Petri Nets Model. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), Istanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITHET.2012.6246060"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2009.12.007","article-title":"Cybernetics: A Possible Solution for the \u201cKnowledge Gap\u201d between \u201cExternal\u201d and \u201cInternal\u201d in Evaluation Processes","volume":"33","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eval. Program Plan."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11213-019-9478-y","article-title":"Evolution of Management Cybernetics and Viable System Model","volume":"32","author":"Vahidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst. Pract. Action Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121348","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic as a Trigger for the Acceleration of the Cybernetic Revolution, Transition from e-Government to e-State, and Change in Social Relations","volume":"175","author":"Grinin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1177\/13505084221090632","article-title":"\u2018Anarchist Technologies\u2019: Anarchism, Cybernetics and Mutual Aid in Community Responses to the COVID-19 Crisis","volume":"30","author":"Swann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Organization"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Maden, W., Lomas, J., and Hekkert, P. (July, January 25). Design for Wellbeing during Covid-19: A Cybernetic Perspective on Data Feedback Loops in Complex Sociotechnical Systems. Proceedings of the DRS2022, Bilbao, Spain.","DOI":"10.21606\/drs.2022.771"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2140","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2140","article-title":"Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Dynamics inside the Human Body","volume":"30","author":"Saha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Buckley, W. (1968). Systems Research for Behavioral Science, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1108\/03684921011036781","article-title":"Elements of a Cybernetic Epistemology: Adaptive Systems That Can Develop System-specific Behavior","volume":"39","author":"Nechansky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yolles, M. (2021). Metacybernetics: Towards a General Theory of Higher Order Cybernetics. Systems, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems9020034"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1971.5408598","article-title":"Cybernetics of Economic Systems","volume":"SMC-1","author":"Runyan","year":"1971","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.2826","article-title":"Cybernetic Crisis Management in a Federal System\u2014Insights from the Covid Pandemic","volume":"39","author":"Schwaninger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst. Res. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Delcea, C., and Bradea, I.A. (2017). Economic Cybernetics. An Equation-Based Modeling and Agent-Based Modeling Approach, Editura Universitara."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","article-title":"Bibliometrix: An R-Tool for Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Aria","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Informetr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delcea, C., and Cotfas, L.-A. (2023). Advancements of Grey Systems Theory in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9932-1"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delcea, C., Javed, S.A., Florescu, M.-S., Ioanas, C., and Cotfas, L.-A. (2023). 35 Years of Grey System Theory in Economics and Education. Kybernetes.","DOI":"10.1108\/K-08-2023-1416"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delcea, C., and Cotfas, L.-A. (2023). Advancements of Grey Systems Theory in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9932-1"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Iancu, L.-D., Delcea, C., Florescu, M.-S., and Cotfas, L.-A. (2023). Bibliometric Trends in Evacuation Research: Exploring the Symmetry-Asymmetry Continuum. Under J. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22922","article-title":"Cybernetic Models Based on Lumped Elementary Modes Accurately Predict Strain-Specific Metabolic Function","volume":"108","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22692","article-title":"Prediction of metabolic function from limited data: Lumped hybrid cybernetic modeling (L-HCM)","volume":"106","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10221","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.5b01615","article-title":"Dynamic Metabolic Modeling of Denitrifying Bacterial Growth: The Cybernetic Approach","volume":"54","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2004.08.011","article-title":"A Cybernetic Modeling Framework for Analysis of Metabolic Systems","volume":"29","author":"Namjoshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920610662566","article-title":"Cybernetics and the Trends in Robotics Developments 2004\u20132008","volume":"35","author":"Rudall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920410514292","article-title":"Innovative Systems","volume":"33","author":"Rudall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1108\/03684921111142223","article-title":"Organisations as Emergent Normative Personalities: Part 1, the Concepts","volume":"40","author":"Yolles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1108\/K-12-2014-0302","article-title":"A General Theory of Generic Modelling and Paradigm Shifts: Part 2\u2014Cybernetic Orders","volume":"44","author":"Yolles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920210428263","article-title":"On the Solution of the Non-linear Korteweg\u2013de Vries Equation by the Decomposition Method","volume":"31","author":"Cherruault","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920510605740","article-title":"New Methods for Applying the Adomian Method to Partial Differential Equations with Boundary Conditions","volume":"34","author":"Benneouala","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1108\/03684929910267752","article-title":"New Results of Convergence of Adomian\u2019s Method","volume":"28","author":"Himoun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1108\/K-12-2017-0479","article-title":"Cybernetically Informed Pedagogy in Two Tertiary Educational Contexts: China and South Africa","volume":"48","author":"Baron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer, T., and Herr, C.M. (2019). Design Cybernetics: Navigating the New, Springer International Publishing. Design Research Foundations (DERF).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18557-2"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920410514247","article-title":"Technical Change and Funds for Science and Technology","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920910944867","article-title":"Some Theoretical Results of Learning Theory Based on Random Sets in Set-valued Probability Space","volume":"38","author":"Ha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.2974924","article-title":"A Dynamic Adaptive Subgroup-to-Subgroup Compatibility-Based Conflict Detection and Resolution Model for Multicriteria Large-Scale Group Decision Making","volume":"51","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9248.1996.tb01747.x","article-title":"The New Governance: Governing without Government","volume":"44","author":"Rhodes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Polit. Stud."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"295","article-title":"Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource Management","volume":"18","author":"Wright","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1995.1013","article-title":"Parametrization of Closed Surfaces for 3-D Shape Description","volume":"61","author":"Gerig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1021\/nl4007744","article-title":"3D Printed Bionic Ears","volume":"13","author":"Mannoor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/40.2.321","article-title":"Government and Control","volume":"40","author":"Rose","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Criminol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mar.2008.09.003","article-title":"Management Control Systems as a Package\u2014Opportunities, Challenges and Research Directions","volume":"19","author":"Malmi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Manag. Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/0967010611399616","article-title":"Genealogies of Resilience: From Systems Ecology to the Political Economy of Crisis Adaptation","volume":"42","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Secur. Dialogue"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.1999.tb00355.x","article-title":"Communication Theory as a Field","volume":"9","author":"Craig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Commun. Theory"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1108\/JMTM-02-2018-0057","article-title":"The Future of Manufacturing Industry: A Strategic Roadmap toward Industry 4.0","volume":"29","author":"Ghobakhloo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2014.07.004","article-title":"Cybernetic Big Five Theory","volume":"56","author":"DeYoung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Res. Personal."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.05.030","article-title":"Constitutive Rules for Guiding the Use of the Viable System Model: Reflections on Practice","volume":"287","author":"Lowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"14","article-title":"Introduction to Machine Learning, Neural Networks, and Deep Learning","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920410556007","article-title":"Second-order Cybernetics: An Historical Introduction","volume":"33","author":"Scott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kybernetes"}],"container-title":["Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/12\/11\/237\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:23:56Z","timestamp":1760131436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/12\/11\/237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["computers12110237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers12110237","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-431X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-431X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]}}}