{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:04:40Z","timestamp":1780567480131,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFE0135700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFE0135700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the challenges associated with wind power integration, this paper analyzes the impact of distributed renewable energy on the voltage of the distribution network. Taking into account the fast control of photovoltaic inverters and the unique characteristics of photovoltaic arrays, we establish an active distribution network voltage reactive power-optimization model for planning the active distribution network. The model involves solving the original non-convex and non-linear power-flow-optimization problem. By introducing the second-order cone relaxation algorithm, we transform the model into a second-order cone programming model, making it easier to solve and yielding good results. The optimized parameters are then applied to the IEEE 33-node distribution system, where the phase angle of the node voltage is adjusted to optimize the reactive power of the entire power system, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of utilizing a second-order cone programming algorithm for reactive power optimization in a comprehensive manner. Subsequently, active distribution network power quality control is implemented, resulting in a reduction in network loss from 0.41 MW to 0.02 MW. This reduces power loss rates, increases utilization efficiency by approximately 94%, optimizes power quality management, and ensures that users receive high-quality electrical energy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13040095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T03:07:48Z","timestamp":1712718468000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Voltage and Reactive Power-Optimization Model for Active Distribution Networks Based on Second-Order Cone Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yaxuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics, Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3527-3773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanlin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China"},{"name":"Telecommunications Research Centre (TRC), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yoshida, H., Fukuyama, Y., Takayama, S., and Nakanishi, Y. (1999, January 12\u201315). A particle swarm optimization for reactive power and voltage control in electric power systems considering voltage security assessment. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Tokyo, Japan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2014.12.084","article-title":"Optimal power flow of a distribution system based on increasingly tight cutting planes added to a second order cone relaxation","volume":"69","author":"Abdelouadoud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"60","article-title":"Research on the Hybrid Distributed Energy Systembased on Wind, Solar and Nature Gas","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Sav. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"41","article-title":"Influencing Factors and Prospects for Development of Renewable Energy Power Generation","volume":"47","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"331","article-title":"Maximum Integration Capacity of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Considering Voltage Fluctuation","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Sav. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"28","article-title":"Modeling the Energy Transmission based on the Energy Internet and Lines Connection","volume":"46","author":"Weng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"100","article-title":"Mains Supply Load Rectifier Power Optimization Control Simulation","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Simul."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"68","article-title":"Optimization and Adjustment Method for Intraday Generation Scheduling of Regional Power Grid Considering Large-scale Power Loss","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autom. Electr. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"31","article-title":"Influence of VSC-HVDC interconnection on recovery characteristics of weak receiving-end grid fault and optimization measure","volume":"39","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electr. Power Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"84","article-title":"Research on optimal control of power distribution in microgrid with heterogeneous power supply","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foreign Electron. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"76","article-title":"Parameter Optimization Design of Energy Storage Devices to Suppress Power System Oscillation","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"71","article-title":"Constant power control algorithm for a microgrid inverter based on an improved fruit fly algorithm","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Power Syst. Prot. Control"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"388","article-title":"Research on Power Distribution Optimization Control of Hybrid Microgrid Interlinking Converter","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Control Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"178","article-title":"Research on Reactive Power Optimization Control Method Considering Power Grid Randomness","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electron. Devices"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Power Grid Aging and Reliability Optimiztion Based on Contractual Power and Duration","volume":"50","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"5759","article-title":"Multi-objective Optimization Strategy of DC Microgrid Based on Reactive Power Support Efficiency During Voltage Sag","volume":"43","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Chin. Soc. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"772","article-title":"Negative Sequence Optimization Compensation Strategy for Energy Storage Type Railway Power Conditioner Considering Grid Voltage Imbalance","volume":"49","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"High Volt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Li, Z., Li, Y., Luo, X., Wang, W., and Wei, Y. (2022). Optimal operation of microgrid in the park considering carbon trading and the proportion of green electricity. Electr. Meas. Instrum., 1\u201311."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Ouyang, S., Xin, X., Wang, F., and Cao, H. (2023). Optimal Configuration of Photovoltaic-Storage Microgrid Considering Power Supply Demand and Power Quality Evaluation. South. Power Grid Technol., 1\u201315."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Optimization model of voltage and frequency control of AC-DC transmission power grid considering new energy cluster access","volume":"41","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.05.031","article-title":"Impact of active power curtailment on overvoltage prevention and energy production of PV inverters connected to low voltage residential feeders","volume":"36","author":"Tonkoski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2010.2098483","article-title":"Coordinated Active Power Curtailment of Grid Connected PV Inverters for Overvoltage Prevention","volume":"2","author":"Tonkoski","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2392081","article-title":"Distributed and Decentralized Control of Residential Energy Systems Incorporating Battery Storage","volume":"6","author":"Worthmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2292530","article-title":"Integrating Electrical Energy Storage into Coordinated Voltage Control Schemes for Distribution Networks","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"53","article-title":"Reactive Power Optimization Method of Distribution Network with Distributed Generation Based on Multi-Objective Differential Evolution","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autom. Appl."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"74","article-title":"Coordinated voltage optimization method in distribution network with distributed photovoltaic","volume":"42","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electr. Power Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"133","article-title":"Multi-mode Voltage Control in Low Distribution Networks Based on Reactive Power Regulation of Photovoltaic Inverters","volume":"41","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autom. Electr. Power Syst."}],"container-title":["Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/13\/4\/95\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:25:20Z","timestamp":1760106320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-431X\/13\/4\/95"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["computers13040095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers13040095","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-431X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-431X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]}}}